新生儿情绪性语音加工的正性偏向——来自事件相关电位的证据

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张丹丹¹^,², 陈钰¹, 敖翔¹, 孙国玉³, 刘黎黎³, 侯新琳³, 陈玉明¹(

)

1 深圳大学心理与社会学院
2 深圳市情绪与社会认知科学重点实验室(深圳大学), 深圳 518060
3 北京大学第一医院儿科, 北京 100034

收稿日期:2018-07-31出版日期:2019-04-25发布日期:2019-02-22
通讯作者:陈玉明E-mail:cympsy@szu.edu.cn

基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金(31571120);深圳市基础研究自由探索项目(JCYJ20170302143246158);北京市科委基金(Z161100002616011)

Early preference for positive over negative prosody in neonates: Evidence based on event-related potentials

ZHANG Dandan¹^,², CHEN Yu¹, AO Xiang¹, SUN Guoyu³, LIU Lili³, HOU Xinlin³, CHEN Yuming¹(

)

1 College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
2 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
3 Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China

Received:2018-07-31Online:2019-04-25Published:2019-02-22
Contact:CHEN Yuming E-mail:cympsy@szu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 准确解码语音中的情绪信息能让个体更好地适应社会环境, 此能力对新生儿和婴儿尤其重要, 因为人类刚出生时听觉系统远比视觉系统发育得完善。虽然已有研究表明5~7月龄的婴儿能分辨不同情绪种类的语音, 但目前对新生儿的研究还非常少。人类是否在出生时即具有分辨不同种类情绪性语音的能力?新生儿对情绪的加工是否存在正性或负性偏向?本文选用odd-ball范式考察高兴、恐惧、愤怒三种韵律性语音在1~6天龄新生儿大脑中诱发的事件相关电位。实验1直接对比三种情绪性条件, 发现新生儿大脑的额区(F3和F4电极点)可以区分情绪性语音的正负性, 正性(高兴)语音诱发的“失匹配反应”幅度明显大于负性(愤怒和恐惧)语音。实验2采用偏差和标准刺激反转的odd-ball范式, 证实了实验1的结果并非源于三种情绪语音物理属性的差异。本文的结果提示, 新生儿大脑可自动辨别正性与负性情绪语音, 但尚不能将愤怒和恐惧两种负性语音区分开来。更重要的是, 高兴语音比两种负性语音诱发了更大的失匹配反应, 这一结果首次从神经学层面(电生理指标)为新生儿情绪性语音加工的正性偏向提供了证据。

图/表 4

图1四种情绪语音材料的波形图(oscillogram)和声谱图(spectrogram)。

图2实验及数据采集。A, 新生儿在实验中(图中的显示屏用于睡眠-觉醒状态的实时监测); B, 实验1考察的6个通道的脑电电极位置。

图3实验1结果：三个情绪条件及中性条件的MMR波形图(F3及F4电极点)。注：中性条件的波形由标准刺激试次叠加, 由于试次数量12倍于三个情绪条件, 故波形更光滑(本文未将中性条件的幅度纳入统计分析)。

图4实验2结果：三个情绪条件的原始波及差异波(图示数据为F3和F4电极点的均值)。A, 情绪语音为偏差刺激, 中性语音为标准刺激(重复实验1); B, 情绪语音为标准刺激, 中性语音为偏差刺激; C, 同一种情绪语音诱发的差异波(偏差条件减去标准条件)。

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