) 西南大学心理学部, 重庆 400715
收稿日期:2018-01-23出版日期:2019-03-25发布日期:2019-01-22通讯作者:冯廷勇E-mail:fengty0@swu.edu.cn基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金面上项目(31571128)Mindfulness training can improve 3-and 4-year-old children’s attention and executive function
LI Quan, SONG Yanan, LIAN Bin, FENG Tingyong() Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
Received:2018-01-23Online:2019-03-25Published:2019-01-22Contact:FENG Tingyong E-mail:fengty0@swu.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 正念训练是指个体将注意力集中于当下体验的一种心理干预方法。先前研究表明正念训练可以促进其注意力、执行功能、情绪调节等的发展, 而正念训练对幼儿心理发展的作用机制并不清楚。因此, 为了考察正念训练对3~4岁幼儿注意力和执行功能的影响。采用前后测设计, 对正念组进行每周2次, 每次20~30分钟, 共12次的正念训练; 对照组不进行任何训练。结果发现：(1) 在注意力方面, 正念组与对照组前测差异不显著, 训练后正念组幼儿持续性注意力得分显著高于对照组。(2) 在执行功能方面, 正念组和实验组在抑制控制、认知灵活性以及工作记忆上前测得分差异不显著, 训练后正念组幼儿抑制控制和认知灵活性得分显著优于对照组, 而两组幼儿工作记忆差异不显著。研究表明, 正念训练促进了3~4岁幼儿注意力和执行功能的发展, 且在执行功能方面主要表现为对抑制控制和认知灵活性的提升。
图/表 10
图1持续性注意力实验流程图
图1持续性注意力实验流程图
图2抑制控制实验流程图
图2抑制控制实验流程图
图3认知灵活性实验流程图
图3认知灵活性实验流程图
图4工作记忆实验流程图
图4工作记忆实验流程图表13~4岁幼儿正念训练课程表
 |
表13~4岁幼儿正念训练课程表
| |
表2正念组与对照组在注意力、执行功能上的发展水平
| 组别 | 注意力 | 抑制控制 | 认知灵活性 | 工作记忆 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | |
| 正念组 | 12.04 (7.10) | 21.73 (5.59) | 0.74 (0.16) | 0.92 (0.10) | 0.71 (0.16) | 0.92 (0.08) | 14.00 (5.39) | 18.14 (5.64) |
| 对照组 | 13.42 (8.27) | 18.27 (6.51) | 0.73 (0.17) | 0.74 (0.14) | 0.63 (0.22) | 0.76 (0.18) | 14.38 (4.85) | 16.38 (5.38) |
表2正念组与对照组在注意力、执行功能上的发展水平
| 组别 | 注意力 | 抑制控制 | 认知灵活性 | 工作记忆 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | |
| 正念组 | 12.04 (7.10) | 21.73 (5.59) | 0.74 (0.16) | 0.92 (0.10) | 0.71 (0.16) | 0.92 (0.08) | 14.00 (5.39) | 18.14 (5.64) |
| 对照组 | 13.42 (8.27) | 18.27 (6.51) | 0.73 (0.17) | 0.74 (0.14) | 0.63 (0.22) | 0.76 (0.18) | 14.38 (4.85) | 16.38 (5.38) |
图5正念组和对照组前后测注意力得分
图5正念组和对照组前后测注意力得分
图6正念组和对照组前后测抑制控制得分
图6正念组和对照组前后测抑制控制得分
图7正念组和对照组前后测认知灵活性得分
图7正念组和对照组前后测认知灵活性得分
图8正念组和对照组前后测工作记忆得分
图8正念组和对照组前后测工作记忆得分参考文献 75
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