孙莎莎¹, 李小兵², 李宝山¹, 刘承宜³(), 黄敏儿¹()

1 中山大学心理学系, 广州 510006
2 中山大学体育部, 广州 510275
3 华南师范大学体育科学学院, 广州 510006

收稿日期:2017-09-11出版日期:2018-11-30发布日期:2018-10-30


基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金项目(61575065);教育部人文社会科学基金项目(17YJA190008, 14YJC630226);《广州大典》与广州历史文化研究重点课题(2018GZZ07)

Physiological mechanisms of mindfulness: Preliminary evidence from self-similarity of heart rate variability

SUN Shasha¹, LI Xiaobing², LI Baoshan¹, LIU Chengyi³(), HUANG Miner¹()

1 Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
2 Department of Physical Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
3 School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China

Received:2017-09-11Online:2018-11-30Published:2018-10-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 引入自相似的算法表征功能内稳态的过程, 从功能内稳态的角度探讨特质正念与不同过程中心率变异性(Heart rate variability, HRV)自相似的关系, 以揭示正念起作用的可能机制。功能内稳态是机体面对内外环境的变化保持自身功能相对稳定的一种能力或素质。研究设置静息态、冷加压任务、冷加压后恢复和正念练习4种不同的条件, 并记录被试在这4个环节的HRV指标。结果显示, HRV自相似与特质正念之间存在显著相关, 高HRV自相似组在冷加压环节的HRV各指标都比低HRV自相似组高。结果表明, 正念维持适应的生理机制可能与功能内稳态有关。

图/表 8

图1研究流程图
图1研究流程图



图2自相似计算示意图(以HF-HRV和LF-HRV为例)
图2自相似计算示意图(以HF-HRV和LF-HRV为例)


表1不同环节自主神经系统各指标的平均数和标准差(n = 56)

指标	环节1: 静息态	环节2: 冷加压	环节3: 冷加压后恢复	环节4: 正念练习
HR	78.12 ± 12.09	82.70 ± 11.81	74.82 ± 11.88	75.50 ± 12.11
SDNN	82.87 ± 41.72	108.96 ± 55.92	82.42 ± 33.29	79.03 ± 25.61
RMSSD	84.51 ± 57.66	120.79 ± 76.52	83.51 ± 47.52	71.61 ± 33.95
TP	2233.91 ± 4210.02	4497.88 ± 6378.48	2088.89 ± 2448.30	1901.19 ± 1268.06
LF-HRV	1004.59 ± 1985.80	2521.39 ± 4099.93	803.93 ± 1102.43	867.86 ± 782.57
HF-HRV	531.60 ± 681.38	1079.55 ± 1411.91	503.92 ± 494.46	493.10 ± 485.91
LF/HF ratio	1.74 ± 1.33	1.92 ± 1.13	1.87 ± 2.31	2.94 ± 3.67
coherence	38.23 ± 8.83	36.15 ± 8.83	36.29 ± 9.19	41.48 ± 9.56

表1不同环节自主神经系统各指标的平均数和标准差(n = 56)

指标	环节1: 静息态	环节2: 冷加压	环节3: 冷加压后恢复	环节4: 正念练习
HR	78.12 ± 12.09	82.70 ± 11.81	74.82 ± 11.88	75.50 ± 12.11
SDNN	82.87 ± 41.72	108.96 ± 55.92	82.42 ± 33.29	79.03 ± 25.61
RMSSD	84.51 ± 57.66	120.79 ± 76.52	83.51 ± 47.52	71.61 ± 33.95
TP	2233.91 ± 4210.02	4497.88 ± 6378.48	2088.89 ± 2448.30	1901.19 ± 1268.06
LF-HRV	1004.59 ± 1985.80	2521.39 ± 4099.93	803.93 ± 1102.43	867.86 ± 782.57
HF-HRV	531.60 ± 681.38	1079.55 ± 1411.91	503.92 ± 494.46	493.10 ± 485.91
LF/HF ratio	1.74 ± 1.33	1.92 ± 1.13	1.87 ± 2.31	2.94 ± 3.67
coherence	38.23 ± 8.83	36.15 ± 8.83	36.29 ± 9.19	41.48 ± 9.56

图3HRV各指标在不同环节的重复测量方差分析结果注：*表示p < 0.05, **表示p < 0.01, ***表示p < 0.001, 下同
图3HRV各指标在不同环节的重复测量方差分析结果注：*表示p < 0.05, **表示p < 0.01, ***表示p < 0.001, 下同


表2MAAS总分与4个环节自主神经系统各指标的相关(n = 56)

指标	MAAS总分与自主神经系统各指标的皮尔逊相关系数r
	环节1: 静息态	环节2: 冷加压	环节3: 冷加压后恢复	环节4: 正念练习
HR	0.017	-0.075	0.040	0.076
SDNN	0.182	0.216	0.144	0.007
RMSSD	0.192	0.253?	0.216	0.091
TP	0.230	0.329*	0.191	-0.054
LF-HRV	0.226	0.249?	0.103	-0.136
HF-HRV	0.177	0.307*	0.276*	0.022
LH/HF ratio	-0.003	0.010	-0.278*	-0.116
Coherence	-0.123	-0.077	-0.266*	-0.106

表2MAAS总分与4个环节自主神经系统各指标的相关(n = 56)

指标	MAAS总分与自主神经系统各指标的皮尔逊相关系数r
	环节1: 静息态	环节2: 冷加压	环节3: 冷加压后恢复	环节4: 正念练习
HR	0.017	-0.075	0.040	0.076
SDNN	0.182	0.216	0.144	0.007
RMSSD	0.192	0.253?	0.216	0.091
TP	0.230	0.329*	0.191	-0.054
LF-HRV	0.226	0.249?	0.103	-0.136
HF-HRV	0.177	0.307*	0.276*	0.022
LH/HF ratio	-0.003	0.010	-0.278*	-0.116
Coherence	-0.123	-0.077	-0.266*	-0.106

表3高低自相似组HRV各指标在不同环节的平均数和标准差(M ± SD)

环节	指标
	SDNN	RMSSD	TP	LF-HRV	HF-HRV
环节1: 静息态
低自相似组(n=31)	81.80 ± 38.88	78.68 ± 50.94	2178.93 ± 3955.73	1107.73 ± 2080.27	494.98 ± 552.94
高自相似组(n=25)	84.20 ± 45.79	91.74 ± 65.39	2302.07 ± 4587.96	876.69 ± 1896.51	577.00 ± 823.34
环节2: 冷加压
低自相似组(n=31)	93.41 ± 42.07	98.08 ± 60.11	2618.21 ± 3296.85	1542.05 ± 2395.99	676.75 ± 945.63
高自相似组(n=25)	128.23 ± 65.23	149.00 ± 86.08	6828.65 ± 8332.31	3735.76 ± 5345.15	1579.01 ± 1726.61
环节3: 冷加压后恢复
低自相似组(n=31)	81.64 ± 33.89	78.78 ± 44.84	2403.22 ± 3037.06	974.99 ± 1389.88	480.25 ± 562.25
高自相似组(n=25)	83.41 ± 35.60	89.36 ± 50.97	1699.11 ± 1386.02	591.80 ± 534.58	533.25 ± 404.34
环节4: 正念练习
低自相似组(n=31)	81.91 ± 26.32	70.61 ± 33.09	2131.67 ± 1294.55	1026.77 ± 924.48	489.30 ± 544.08
高自相似组(n=25)	75.47 ± 24.77	72.86 ± 35.63	1615.38 ± 1198.50	670.80 ± 511.91	497.81 ± 413.52

表3高低自相似组HRV各指标在不同环节的平均数和标准差(M ± SD)

环节	指标
	SDNN	RMSSD	TP	LF-HRV	HF-HRV
环节1: 静息态
低自相似组(n=31)	81.80 ± 38.88	78.68 ± 50.94	2178.93 ± 3955.73	1107.73 ± 2080.27	494.98 ± 552.94
高自相似组(n=25)	84.20 ± 45.79	91.74 ± 65.39	2302.07 ± 4587.96	876.69 ± 1896.51	577.00 ± 823.34
环节2: 冷加压
低自相似组(n=31)	93.41 ± 42.07	98.08 ± 60.11	2618.21 ± 3296.85	1542.05 ± 2395.99	676.75 ± 945.63
高自相似组(n=25)	128.23 ± 65.23	149.00 ± 86.08	6828.65 ± 8332.31	3735.76 ± 5345.15	1579.01 ± 1726.61
环节3: 冷加压后恢复
低自相似组(n=31)	81.64 ± 33.89	78.78 ± 44.84	2403.22 ± 3037.06	974.99 ± 1389.88	480.25 ± 562.25
高自相似组(n=25)	83.41 ± 35.60	89.36 ± 50.97	1699.11 ± 1386.02	591.80 ± 534.58	533.25 ± 404.34
环节4: 正念练习
低自相似组(n=31)	81.91 ± 26.32	70.61 ± 33.09	2131.67 ± 1294.55	1026.77 ± 924.48	489.30 ± 544.08
高自相似组(n=25)	75.47 ± 24.77	72.86 ± 35.63	1615.38 ± 1198.50	670.80 ± 511.91	497.81 ± 413.52

图4高、低自相似组在MAAS总分上的差异
图4高、低自相似组在MAAS总分上的差异



图5HRV高低自相似组与不同环节对HRV各指标的交互作用
图5HRV高低自相似组与不同环节对HRV各指标的交互作用

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