), 何虎2, 吴柏周2, 侯友1,2, 曹亢2, 阿如罕2 1 内蒙古自治区心理学重点实验室
2 内蒙古师范大学教育科学学院, 呼和浩特 010022
收稿日期:2017-10-27出版日期:2018-11-25发布日期:2018-09-25通讯作者:李杰E-mail:healthlj2004@163.com基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金(31460250);2018年度内蒙古自治区高等学校“青年科技英才支持计划”(NJYT-18-A03);内蒙古师范大学研究生创新基金项目资助(CXJJB17003)Behavioral and ERP study of color categorical perception in proficient and nonproficient bilinguals
LI Jie1,2(), HE Hu2, WU Baizhou2, HOU You1,2, CAO Kang2, A Ruhan2 1 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Psychology, Hohhot 010022, China
2 School of Educational Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
Received:2017-10-27Online:2018-11-25Published:2018-09-25Contact:LI Jie E-mail:healthlj2004@163.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 为研究语言对知觉的影响作用, 行为实验采用视觉搜索范式研究蒙汉双语者的颜色范畴知觉效应; 为进一步考察语言影响知觉的脑机制, 脑电实验采用Oddball范式研究蒙汉双语者的颜色范畴知觉效应。行为实验和脑电研究结果都发现, 在区分蒙古语中qinker和huhe色时, 低汉语水平的蒙汉双语者比高汉语水平者产生更强的颜色范畴效应, 蒙汉双语者的汉语水平影响颜色范畴知觉, 双语者所习得的第二语言范畴可以改变双语者母语的范畴, 语言能影响知觉的前注意阶段, 本研究支持了Spair-Whorf假设。
图/表 5
表1蒙汉双语被试语言水平情况[M (SD)]
| 筛选指标 | 高汉语水平 | 低汉语水平 |
|---|---|---|
| 被试数 | 35 (男17, 女18) | 33 (男15, 女18) |
| 平均年龄(岁) | 20.85 (1.14) | 21.10 (1.16) |
| 蒙古语听力 | 5.24 (0.95) | 5.66 (1.08) |
| 蒙古语口语 | 5.23 (0.99) | 5.49 (1.03) |
| 蒙古语阅读 | 5.09 (1.02) | 5.12 (0.99) |
| 蒙古语写作 | 5.10 (1.01) | 5.18 (1.02) |
| 汉语听力** | 4.89 (1.23) | 4.04 (1.29) |
| 汉语口语** | 4.97 (1.34) | 4.08 (1.19) |
| 汉语阅读*** | 4.86 (1.29) | 3.80 (0.99) |
| 汉语写作*** | 4.66 (1.19) | 3.79 (0.98) |
| 蒙古语使用频率(%)*** | 74.45 (9.90) | 89.38 (10.02) |
| 汉语使用频率(%)*** | 45.54 (6.60) | 28.97 (5.79) |
| 开始习得二语的年龄(岁)** | 8.96 (1.86) | 10.02 (0.96) |
| 能用汉语交流年龄(岁)*** | 10.23 (2.09) | 14.36 (3.96) |
表1蒙汉双语被试语言水平情况[M (SD)]
| 筛选指标 | 高汉语水平 | 低汉语水平 |
|---|---|---|
| 被试数 | 35 (男17, 女18) | 33 (男15, 女18) |
| 平均年龄(岁) | 20.85 (1.14) | 21.10 (1.16) |
| 蒙古语听力 | 5.24 (0.95) | 5.66 (1.08) |
| 蒙古语口语 | 5.23 (0.99) | 5.49 (1.03) |
| 蒙古语阅读 | 5.09 (1.02) | 5.12 (0.99) |
| 蒙古语写作 | 5.10 (1.01) | 5.18 (1.02) |
| 汉语听力** | 4.89 (1.23) | 4.04 (1.29) |
| 汉语口语** | 4.97 (1.34) | 4.08 (1.19) |
| 汉语阅读*** | 4.86 (1.29) | 3.80 (0.99) |
| 汉语写作*** | 4.66 (1.19) | 3.79 (0.98) |
| 蒙古语使用频率(%)*** | 74.45 (9.90) | 89.38 (10.02) |
| 汉语使用频率(%)*** | 45.54 (6.60) | 28.97 (5.79) |
| 开始习得二语的年龄(岁)** | 8.96 (1.86) | 10.02 (0.96) |
| 能用汉语交流年龄(岁)*** | 10.23 (2.09) | 14.36 (3.96) |
表2不同汉语水平蒙汉双语者视觉搜索任务反应时[M (SD), ms]
| 汉语水平 | 颜色范畴 | |
|---|---|---|
| 异 | 同 | |
| 高 | 893 (193) | 923 (187) |
| 低 | 910 (194) | 1064 (201) |
表2不同汉语水平蒙汉双语者视觉搜索任务反应时[M (SD), ms]
| 汉语水平 | 颜色范畴 | |
|---|---|---|
| 异 | 同 | |
| 高 | 893 (193) | 923 (187) |
| 低 | 910 (194) | 1064 (201) |
表3脑电实验中不同汉语水平被试情况[M (SD)]
| 筛选指标 | 高汉语水平 | 低汉语水平 |
|---|---|---|
| 被试数 | 15 (男8, 女7) | 14 (男7, 女7) |
| 平均年龄(岁) | 21.25 (1.10) | 21.20 (1.17) |
| 蒙古语听力 | 5.34 (0.96) | 5.76 (1.09) |
| 蒙古语口语 | 5.28 (1.09) | 5.39 (1.01) |
| 蒙古语阅读 | 5.19 (1.01) | 5.22 (1.00) |
| 蒙古语写作 | 5.15 (1.01) | 5.16 (1.02) |
| 汉语听力** | 4.99 (1.23) | 4.17 (1.29) |
| 汉语口语** | 4.97 (1.21) | 3.98 (1.09) |
| 汉语阅读*** | 4.93 (1.19) | 3.90 (1.00) |
| 汉语写作*** | 4.86 (1.09) | 3.76 (0.98) |
| 蒙古语使用频率(%)*** | 78.65 (9.95) | 91.68 (11.01) |
| 汉语使用频率(%)*** | 43.54 (6.45) | 24.42 (5.43) |
| 开始习得二语的年龄(岁)** | 8.46 (1.96) | 11.08 (2.99) |
| 能用汉语交流年龄(岁)*** | 9.73 (1.97) | 14.86 (4.26) |
表3脑电实验中不同汉语水平被试情况[M (SD)]
| 筛选指标 | 高汉语水平 | 低汉语水平 |
|---|---|---|
| 被试数 | 15 (男8, 女7) | 14 (男7, 女7) |
| 平均年龄(岁) | 21.25 (1.10) | 21.20 (1.17) |
| 蒙古语听力 | 5.34 (0.96) | 5.76 (1.09) |
| 蒙古语口语 | 5.28 (1.09) | 5.39 (1.01) |
| 蒙古语阅读 | 5.19 (1.01) | 5.22 (1.00) |
| 蒙古语写作 | 5.15 (1.01) | 5.16 (1.02) |
| 汉语听力** | 4.99 (1.23) | 4.17 (1.29) |
| 汉语口语** | 4.97 (1.21) | 3.98 (1.09) |
| 汉语阅读*** | 4.93 (1.19) | 3.90 (1.00) |
| 汉语写作*** | 4.86 (1.09) | 3.76 (0.98) |
| 蒙古语使用频率(%)*** | 78.65 (9.95) | 91.68 (11.01) |
| 汉语使用频率(%)*** | 43.54 (6.45) | 24.42 (5.43) |
| 开始习得二语的年龄(岁)** | 8.46 (1.96) | 11.08 (2.99) |
| 能用汉语交流年龄(岁)*** | 9.73 (1.97) | 14.86 (4.26) |
图1Oddball实验中目标、标准刺激在枕区诱发的ERP总平均波形和目标刺激诱发的N2地形图 注：彩图见电子版, 下同
图1Oddball实验中目标、标准刺激在枕区诱发的ERP总平均波形和目标刺激诱发的N2地形图 注：彩图见电子版, 下同
图2不同汉语水平的蒙汉双语者枕区偏差刺激减标准刺激差异波形图和地形图。(a)低汉语水平蓝和绿vMMN地形图。(b)波形图。(c)高汉语水平的蓝和绿vMMN地形图。
图2不同汉语水平的蒙汉双语者枕区偏差刺激减标准刺激差异波形图和地形图。(a)低汉语水平蓝和绿vMMN地形图。(b)波形图。(c)高汉语水平的蓝和绿vMMN地形图。参考文献 34
| [1] | Athanasopoulos, P., & Bylund, E. (2013). Does grammatical aspect affect motion event cognition? A cross-linguistic comparison of English and swedish speakers. Cognitive Science, 37( 2), 286-309. doi: 10.1111/cogs.2013.37.issue-2URL |
| [2] | Athanasopoulos P., Damjanovic L., Krajciova A., & Sasaki M . (2011). Representation of colour concepts in bilingual cognition: The case of Japanese blues. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 14( 1), 9-17. doi: 10.1017/S1366728909990046URL |
| [3] | Athanasopoulos P., Dering B., Wiggett A., Kuipers J-R., & Thierry G . (2010). Perceptual shift in bilingualism: Brain potentials reveal plasticity in pre-attentive colour perception. Cognition, 116( 3), 437-443. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2010.05.016URL |
| [4] | Athanasopoulos, P., & Kasai, C. (2007). Language and thought in bilinguals: The case of grammatical number and nonverbal classification preferences. Applied Psycholinguistics, 29( 1), 105-123. |
| [5] | Berlin B. , & Kay, P.(1969) . Basic color terms: Their universality and evolution Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press Their universality and evolution. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. |
| [6] | Boroditsky, L. (2001). Does language shape thought? Mandarin and English speakers' conceptions of time. Cognitive Psychology, 43( 1), 1-22. doi: 10.1006/cogp.2001.0748URL |
| [7] | Bylund, E., & Athanasopoulos, P. (2013). Language and thought in a multilingual context: The case of isiXhosa. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 17( 2), 431-441. |
| [8] | Chris M. B., Samuel C. B., Aidan J. H., & Franklin A . (2014). Categorical encoding of color in the brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111( 12), 4590-4595. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1315275111URL |
| [9] | Drivonikou G. V., Kay P., Regier T., Ivry R. B., Gilbert A. L., Franklin A., & Davies I. R . (2007). Further evidence that Whorfian effects are stronger in the right visual field than the left. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104( 3), 1097-1102. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0610132104URLpmid: 17213312 |
| [10] | Franklin A., Drivonikou G. V., Bevis L., Davies I. R., Kay P., & Regier T . (2008). Categorical perception of color is lateralized to the right hemisphere in infants, but to the left hemisphere in adults. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105( 9), 3221-3225. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0712286105URL |
| [11] | Franklin A., Drivonikou G. V., Clifford A., Kay P., Regier T., & Davies I. R . (2008). Lateralization of categorical perception of color changes with color term acquisition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105( 47), 18221-18225. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0809952105URL |
| [12] | Fugate, J. M. B . (2013). Categorical Perception for Emotional Faces. Emotion Review Journal of the International Society for Research on Emotion, 5( 1), 84-89. |
| [13] | Gábor S., Jan K., & István C . (2014). Visual mismatch negativity: A predictive coding view. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8( 3), 666. |
| [14] | Gilbert A. L., Regier T., Kay P., & Ivry R. B . (2006). Whorf hypothesis is supported in the right visual field but not the left. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103( 2), 489-494. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0506728103URLpmid: 16387848 |
| [15] | Gilbert A. L., Regier T., Kay P., & Ivry R. B . (2008). Support for lateralization of the Whorf effect beyond the realm of color discrimination. Brain and Language, 105( 2), 91-98. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2007.06.001URL |
| [16] | Hu He, Jie Li, Ying Zhang, & Zhang, S. (2016). Language affects Perception: Evidence from Mongolian. Paper presented at the meeting of the 16th International Conference on the Processing of East Asian Languages, Guangzhou, China. |
| [17] | Hu Z., Hanley J. R., Zhang R., Liu Q., & Roberson D . (2014). A conflict-based model of color categorical perception: evidence from a priming study. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 21( 5), 1214-1223. |
| [18] | Jameson, K. A., & Alvarado, N. (2003). Differences in color naming and color salience in Vietnamese and English. Color Research and Application, 28( 2), 113-138. doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1520-6378URL |
| [19] | Jiang S. X., Li J., Liu, X Y., Qi S. S., & Yang, Y S . ( 2015). An erp study of advantage effect differences on task switching in proficient and non-proficient bilinguals. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 47( 6), 746-756. |
| [ 姜淞秀, 李杰, 刘兴宇, 七十三, 杨伊生 . ( 2015). 不同熟练度双语者非语言任务转换的差异--来自ERP证据. 心理学报, 47( 6), 746-756.] | |
| [20] | Kwok V., Niu Z., Kay P., Zhou K., Mo L., Jin Z., .. Tan L. H . (2011). Learning new color names produces rapid increase in gray matter in the intact adult human cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108( 16), 6686-6688. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1103217108URL |
| [21] | Liu Q., Chen A., Wang Q., Zhou L., & Sun H . ( 2008). An evidence for the effect of categorical perception on color perception. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 40( 1), 8-13. |
| [ 刘强, 陈安涛, 王琪, 周柳, 孙弘进 . ( 2008). 知觉加工中存在颜色类别知觉效应的证据. 心理学报, 40( 1), 8-13.] | |
| [22] | Liu Q., Li H., Campos J. L., Wang Q., Zhang Y., Qiu J., ... Sun H-J . (2009). The N2pc component in erp and the lateralization effect of language on color perception. Neuroscience Letters, 454( 1), 58-61. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.02.045URLpmid: 19429054 |
| [23] | Mo L., Xu G., Kay P., & Tan L-H . (2011). Electrophysiological evidence for the left-lateralized effect of language on preattentive categorical perception of color. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108( 34), 14026-14030. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1111860108URL |
| [24] | Regier, T., & Kay, P. (2009). Language, thought, and color: Whorf was half right. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13( 10), 439-446. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2009.07.001URL |
| [25] | Roberson D., Pak H., & Hanley J. R . (2008). Categorical perception of colour in the left and right visual field is verbally mediated: evidence from Korean. Cognition, 107( 2), 752-762. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2007.09.001URL |
| [26] | Thierry G., Athanasopoulos P., Wiggett A., Dering B., & Kuipers J. R . (2009). Unconscious effects of language- specific terminology on preattentive color perception. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106( 11), 4567-4570. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0811155106URL |
| [27] | Winawer J., Witthoft N., Frank M. C., Wu L., Wade A. R., & Boroditsky L . (2007). Russian blues reveal effects of language on color discrimination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104( 19), 7780-7785. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0701644104URL |
| [28] | Xiao, E-P., & Zhang , J-J. ( 2012). National language influences national psychology: Evidence from classifying kinship words. Advances in Psychological Science, 20( 8), 1189-1200. |
| [ 肖二平, 张积家 . ( 2012). 从亲属词分类看民族语言对民族心理的影响. 心理科学进展, 20( 8), 1189-1200.] doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2012.01189URL | |
| [29] | Yang J., Kanazawa S., Yamaguchi M. K., & Kuriki I . (2016). Cortical response to categorical color perception in infants investigated by near-infrared spectroscopy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113( 9), 2370-2375. |
| [30] | Zhang, J.-J., & Zhang, F.-L. ( 2010). The asymmetric effect of bilingualism and diglossia on picture naming and picture classification. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 42( 4), 452-466. |
| [ 张积家, 张凤玲 . ( 2010). 双语和双言对图片命名和分类的不对称影响. 心理学报, 42( 4), 452-466.] | |
| [31] | Zhang Q. R., He X. M., & Zhang J. J . ( 2007). A comparative study on the classification of basic color terms by undergraduates from yi nationality, bai nationality and naxi nationality. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 39( 1), 18-26. |
| [ 张启睿, 和秀梅, 张积家 . ( 2007). 彝族、白族和纳西族大学生的基本颜色词分类. 心理学报, 39( 1), 18-26.] | |
| [32] | Zhang S., Morris M. W., Cheng C-Y., & Yap A. J . (2013). Heritage-culture images disrupt immigrants' second-language processing through triggering first-language interference. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110( 28), 11272-11277. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1304435110URL |
| [33] | Zhong W. F., Li Y., Li P. X., Xu G. P., & Mo L . (2015). Short-term trained lexical categories produce preattentive categorical perception of color: Evidence from ERPs. Psychophysiology, 52( 1), 98-106. doi: 10.1111/psyp.12294URL |
| [34] | Zhou K., Mo L., Kay P., Kwok V. P., Ip T. N., & Tan L. H . (2010). Newly trained lexical categories produce lateralized categorical perception of color. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107( 22), 9974-9978. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1005669107URL |
相关文章 14
| [1] | 辛昕, 兰天一, 张清芳. 英汉双语者二语口语产生中音韵编码过程的同化机制[J]. 心理学报, 2020, 52(12): 1377-1392. |
| [2] | 吴柏周,李杰,何虎,侯友,贾缨琪,冯慎行. 色觉疲劳、语义饱和对颜色范畴知觉的即时影响[J]. 心理学报, 2019, 51(2): 196-206. |
| [3] | 谢书书,张积家,朱君. 颜色范畴知觉效应发生在大脑两半球：来自纳西族和汉族的证据[J]. 心理学报, 2019, 51(11): 1229-1243. |
| [4] | 焦江丽, 刘毅, 闻素霞. 不同熟练类型双语者情绪Stroop中的自动化情绪通达[J]. 心理学报, 2017, 49(9): 1150-1157. |
| [5] | 李恒;曹宇. 第二语言水平对双语者语言抑制能力的影响 ——来自英语–汉语单通道双语者和英语–美国手语双通道双语者的证据[J]. 心理学报, 2016, 48(4): 343-351. |
| [6] | 范若琳;莫雷;徐贵平;钟伟芳;周莹;杨力. 二语语音辨别能力个体差异来源：来自ERP研究的证据[J]. 心理学报, 2014, 46(5): 569-580. |
| [7] | 钟伟芳;李悠;徐贵平;秦凯鑫;莫雷. 短期习得的语言范畴使成人大脑右半球颜色范畴知觉转为左半球颜色范畴知觉[J]. 心理学报, 2014, 46(4): 450-458. |
| [8] | 王娟;张积家. 启动语言对汉-英双语者场景一致性判断的影响[J]. 心理学报, 2014, 46(3): 331-340. |
| [9] | 王悦;张积家. 熟练中-英双语者对多义词早期识别中语义和语法的相互作用[J]. 心理学报, 2013, 45(3): 298-309. |
| [10] | 张积家,王悦. 熟练汉-英双语者的语码切换机制—— 来自短语水平的证据[J]. 心理学报, 2012, 44(2): 166-178. |
| [11] | 白学军,郭志英,顾俊娟,曹玉肖,闫国利. 词切分对日-汉双语者汉语阅读影响的眼动研究[J]. 心理学报, 2011, 43(11): 1273-1282. |
| [12] | 王瑞明,邓汉深,李俊杰,李利,范梦. 中-英双语者语言理解中非加工语言的自动激活[J]. 心理学报, 2011, 43(07): 771-783. |
| [13] | 李利,莫雷,王瑞明. 熟练中－英双语者三语词汇的语义通达[J]. 心理学报, 2008, 40(05): 523-530. |
| [14] | 傅世敏,魏景汉. 听觉失匹配负波反映自动加工──感觉道间选择性注意时的新证据[J]. 心理学报, 1996, 28(1): 89-96. |
PDF全文下载地址:
http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=4301
