), 曹宇2 1厦门大学外文学院, 厦门 361005
2中南财经政法大学外国语学院, 武汉430073
收稿日期:2017-12-19出版日期:2018-10-15发布日期:2018-08-23基金资助:* 厦门大学研究生田野调查项目(2017GF023);国家社科基金(15BYY082)The influence of temporal focus on implicit space-time mappings on the front-back axis: Evidence from Han and Qiang Chinese
LI Heng1(), CAO Yu2 1 College of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
2 School of Foreign Languages, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
Received:2017-12-19Online:2018-10-15Published:2018-08-23摘要/Abstract
摘要： 采用不同的研究方法考察汉族和羌族被试内隐时空映射的联结方向及其影响因素。实验1利用时间图表任务发现, 汉族被试对“过去在前”和“未来在前”两种内隐时空映射没有表现出明显偏好, 而羌族被试更加倾向于使用“过去在前”的内隐时空映射。由于二者均使用汉语, 但其内隐时空映射却存在差异, 显示出时间语言和时间思维的分离性。实验2利用时间焦点量表考察汉族和羌族被试对过去和未来时间的关注程度。结果发现, 前者对过去和未来的注意力程度相当, 而后者表现出较强的“过去朝向思维”, 说明文化中的时间焦点偏好可以较好地预测二者的内隐时空映射。实验3利用时间概念分类任务发现, 内隐时空映射有利于促进汉族和羌族被试时间概念的表征和加工, 出现了“隐喻一致性效应”。整个研究表明, 汉族和羌族文化中个体对待时间的态度可以决定其内隐时空映射联结方向, 支持“时间焦点假设”。
图/表 4
图1时间图表任务
图1时间图表任务表1汉族和羌族被试两种时空映射选择人数及百分比
| 被试类型 | 过去在前 | 未来在前 |
|---|---|---|
| 汉族 | 45 (44.1%) | 57 (55.9%) |
| 羌族 | 79 (79.8%) | 20 (20.2%) |
表1汉族和羌族被试两种时空映射选择人数及百分比
| 被试类型 | 过去在前 | 未来在前 |
|---|---|---|
| 汉族 | 45 (44.1%) | 57 (55.9%) |
| 羌族 | 79 (79.8%) | 20 (20.2%) |
表2汉族和羌族被试“时间焦点量表”平均得分及标准差
| 被试类型 | 过去 | 未来 |
|---|---|---|
| 汉族 | 4.95 (1.06) | 5.19 (1.09) |
| 羌族 | 5.45 (1.05) | 4.48 (1.00) |
表2汉族和羌族被试“时间焦点量表”平均得分及标准差
| 被试类型 | 过去 | 未来 |
|---|---|---|
| 汉族 | 4.95 (1.06) | 5.19 (1.09) |
| 羌族 | 5.45 (1.05) | 4.48 (1.00) |
表3羌族和汉族被试时间词判断的平均反应时(ms)及标准差
| 反应类型 | 汉族 | 羌族 |
|---|---|---|
| 一致 | 1209 (216) | 1003 (171) |
| 不一致 | 1220 (242) | 1401 (227) |
表3羌族和汉族被试时间词判断的平均反应时(ms)及标准差
| 反应类型 | 汉族 | 羌族 |
|---|---|---|
| 一致 | 1209 (216) | 1003 (171) |
| 不一致 | 1220 (242) | 1401 (227) |
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