) 1中国科学院心理研究所心理健康重点实验室, 北京 100101
2中国科学院大学心理学系, 北京 100049
3北京师范大学心理学部, 北京 100875
收稿日期:2017-10-23出版日期:2018-10-15发布日期:2018-08-23基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金经费, 中国科学院心理健康重点实验室经费资助(31671136);国家自然科学基金经费, 中国科学院心理健康重点实验室经费资助(31530031)Cognitive and emotional benefits of emotional dual dimension n-back training based on an APP
PAN Dong-ni1,2, WANG Daotuan3, LI Xue-bing1,2() 1 Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2 Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
3 School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Received:2017-10-23Online:2018-10-15Published:2018-08-23摘要/Abstract
摘要： 工作记忆训练的训练获益能够迁移至与工作记忆相关的各项基础认知活动中去。基于情绪认知控制与工作记忆之间的密切关联, 本研究设计了一种新型情绪性双维n-back训练, 并且验证利用手机APP搭载训练任务的适用性。结果表明：基于APP的短期双维n-back训练能够使个体在视空间工作记忆任务、活动记忆任务、数字转换任务、Stroop任务上的成绩产生相较控制组更大的进步, 表明训练可以提高个体工作记忆的容量和中央执行功能。然而, 基于不同情绪材料的训练(中性、负性、正性)在各类迁移上差异不大。短期训练无法迁移到情绪Stroop任务中, 即无法产生特异的情绪控制上的效益。双维n-back任务通道单一, 且搭载于手机APP, 拥有较为广阔的应用前景。但将情绪材料单纯地糅合进工作记忆任务中的价值与意义须被进一步考察。
图/表 8
图1实验流程简图
图1实验流程简图
图2三个训练组n-back任务训练成绩
图2三个训练组n-back任务训练成绩表1不同训练组空间工作记忆广度任务前后测平均差异(个)
| 成绩 | 控制组(N = 17) | 负性训练组(N = 17) | 中性训练组(N = 16) | 正性训练组(N = 16) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 前测成绩 | 5.41 (0.99) | 5.65 (0.98) | 5.19 (0.87) | 5.29 (1.47) |
| 后测成绩 | 5.71 (1.21) | 6.44 (1.03) | 6.53 (0.90) | 6.06 (1.29) |
| 训练效果量 | 0.29 (1.13) | 0.79 (1.28) | 1.34 (0.83) | 0.78 (0.75) |
表1不同训练组空间工作记忆广度任务前后测平均差异(个)
| 成绩 | 控制组(N = 17) | 负性训练组(N = 17) | 中性训练组(N = 16) | 正性训练组(N = 16) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 前测成绩 | 5.41 (0.99) | 5.65 (0.98) | 5.19 (0.87) | 5.29 (1.47) |
| 后测成绩 | 5.71 (1.21) | 6.44 (1.03) | 6.53 (0.90) | 6.06 (1.29) |
| 训练效果量 | 0.29 (1.13) | 0.79 (1.28) | 1.34 (0.83) | 0.78 (0.75) |
表2不同训练组活动记忆任务正确率(%)前后测差异
| 成绩 | 控制组(N = 17) | 负性训练组(N = 17) | 中性训练组(N = 16) | 正性训练组(N = 16) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 前测成绩 | 0.96 (0.09) | 0.94 (0.06) | 0.96 (0.06) | 0.95 (0.06) |
| 后测成绩 | 0.96 (0.06) | 0.96 (0.04) | 0.98 (0.03) | 0.99 (0.02) |
| 训练效果量 | 0 (0.12) | 0.02 (0.05) | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.04 (0.05) |
表2不同训练组活动记忆任务正确率(%)前后测差异
| 成绩 | 控制组(N = 17) | 负性训练组(N = 17) | 中性训练组(N = 16) | 正性训练组(N = 16) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 前测成绩 | 0.96 (0.09) | 0.94 (0.06) | 0.96 (0.06) | 0.95 (0.06) |
| 后测成绩 | 0.96 (0.06) | 0.96 (0.04) | 0.98 (0.03) | 0.99 (0.02) |
| 训练效果量 | 0 (0.12) | 0.02 (0.05) | 0.02 (0.04) | 0.04 (0.05) |
表3不同训练组数字转换成本前后测差异(ms)
| 成绩 | 控制组(N = 17) | 负性训练组(N = 17) | 中性训练组(N = 16) | 正性训练组(N = 16) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 前测成绩 | 517 (118) | 494 (144) | 422 (154) | 521 (116) |
| 后测成绩 | 501 (167) | 427 (174) | 386 (135) | 419 (83) |
| 训练效果量 | 15 (171) | 67 (84) | 46 (121) | 102 (132) |
表3不同训练组数字转换成本前后测差异(ms)
| 成绩 | 控制组(N = 17) | 负性训练组(N = 17) | 中性训练组(N = 16) | 正性训练组(N = 16) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 前测成绩 | 517 (118) | 494 (144) | 422 (154) | 521 (116) |
| 后测成绩 | 501 (167) | 427 (174) | 386 (135) | 419 (83) |
| 训练效果量 | 15 (171) | 67 (84) | 46 (121) | 102 (132) |
表4不同训练组Stroop任务前后测差异(ms)
| 成绩 | 控制组(N = 17) | 负性训练组(N = 17) | 中性训练组(N = 16) | 正性训练组(N = 16) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 前测成绩 | 818 (81) | 858 (122) | 788 (162) | 853 (104) |
| 后测成绩 | 773 (64) | 745 (88) | 685 (143) | 729 (84) |
| 训练效果量 | 45 (47) | 113 (92) | 103 (115) | 123 (117) |
表4不同训练组Stroop任务前后测差异(ms)
| 成绩 | 控制组(N = 17) | 负性训练组(N = 17) | 中性训练组(N = 16) | 正性训练组(N = 16) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 前测成绩 | 818 (81) | 858 (122) | 788 (162) | 853 (104) |
| 后测成绩 | 773 (64) | 745 (88) | 685 (143) | 729 (84) |
| 训练效果量 | 45 (47) | 113 (92) | 103 (115) | 123 (117) |
表5情绪Stroop任务前后测反应时(ms)
| 词 | 控制组 | 负性训练组 | 中性训练组 | 正性训练组 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | |
| 正性词 | 736 (53) | 708 (56) | 730 (78) | 690 (80) | 693 (79) | 672 (77) | 744 (67) | 724 (62) |
| 中性词 | 744 (69) | 741 (53) | 727 (74) | 678 (56) | 692 (68) | 685 (82) | 731 (47) | 694 (65) |
| 负性词 | 747 (61) | 729 (77) | 753 (76) | 704 (82) | 724 (82) | 696 (92) | 729 (64) | 710 (76) |
表5情绪Stroop任务前后测反应时(ms)
| 词 | 控制组 | 负性训练组 | 中性训练组 | 正性训练组 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | 前测 | 后测 | |
| 正性词 | 736 (53) | 708 (56) | 730 (78) | 690 (80) | 693 (79) | 672 (77) | 744 (67) | 724 (62) |
| 中性词 | 744 (69) | 741 (53) | 727 (74) | 678 (56) | 692 (68) | 685 (82) | 731 (47) | 694 (65) |
| 负性词 | 747 (61) | 729 (77) | 753 (76) | 704 (82) | 724 (82) | 696 (92) | 729 (64) | 710 (76) |
表6训练前后简明心境量表子维度分数差异(后测维度均分-前测维度均分)
| 维度 | 控制组 | 负性训练组 | 中性训练组 | 正性训练组 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 增加的紧张 | 0.59 (1.97) | 0.47 (5.65) | -1.00 (3.72) | -2.50 (3.65) |
| 增加的愤怒 | 0.76 (3.91 ) | 1.76 (7.28) | 1.13 (6.56) | -1.50 (2.50) |
| 增加的疲劳 | -0.06 (4.37 ) | -0.12 (6.16) | -0.81 (3.33) | -1.13 (2.53) |
| 增加的抑郁 | 0.41 (3.30 ) | -0.06 (5.66) | -0.56 (3.12) | -2.00 (2.45) |
| 增加的精力 | 0.12 (1.32) | -0.06 (5.06) | -1.75 (6.09) | 0.94 (3.89) |
| 增加的慌乱 | -0.18 (1.85) | 0.35 (3.86) | -1.81 (2.54) | -0.94 (3.23) |
| 增加的自尊 | 0.18 (1.24) | -0.06 (4.04) | -0.13 (3.91) | 0.88 (2.60) |
表6训练前后简明心境量表子维度分数差异(后测维度均分-前测维度均分)
| 维度 | 控制组 | 负性训练组 | 中性训练组 | 正性训练组 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 增加的紧张 | 0.59 (1.97) | 0.47 (5.65) | -1.00 (3.72) | -2.50 (3.65) |
| 增加的愤怒 | 0.76 (3.91 ) | 1.76 (7.28) | 1.13 (6.56) | -1.50 (2.50) |
| 增加的疲劳 | -0.06 (4.37 ) | -0.12 (6.16) | -0.81 (3.33) | -1.13 (2.53) |
| 增加的抑郁 | 0.41 (3.30 ) | -0.06 (5.66) | -0.56 (3.12) | -2.00 (2.45) |
| 增加的精力 | 0.12 (1.32) | -0.06 (5.06) | -1.75 (6.09) | 0.94 (3.89) |
| 增加的慌乱 | -0.18 (1.85) | 0.35 (3.86) | -1.81 (2.54) | -0.94 (3.23) |
| 增加的自尊 | 0.18 (1.24) | -0.06 (4.04) | -0.13 (3.91) | 0.88 (2.60) |
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