) 1北京师范大学发展心理研究院, 北京 100875
2第二军医大学心理系, 上海200433
收稿日期:2017-09-27出版日期:2018-10-15发布日期:2018-08-23基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金项目(31000466)Will the deficit in inhibition increase the rates of tip-of-the-tongue among the elderly?
PENG Huamao1, MAO Xiaofei2,1() 1 Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
2 Department of Psychology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
Received:2017-09-27Online:2018-10-15Published:2018-08-23摘要/Abstract
摘要： 抑制不足理论认为老年人抑制能力不足, 易受干扰信息的影响, 阻碍对目标词的检索, 故比年轻人有更多舌尖现象。实验1操纵抑制通达子功能探讨其在老年人舌尖现象中的作用, 采用2(干扰条件：有、无)×2(年龄组：老年、年轻)的混合设计, 相比于无干扰条件, 干扰条件下舌尖现象年龄差异变得更大, 表明老年人舌尖现象和通达功能有关。实验2操纵抑制删除子功能, 采用2(是否激活干扰：是、否)×2(年龄组：老年、年轻)的混合设计, 不激活干扰条件下舌尖现象年龄差异不显著, 而激活干扰条件下舌尖现象年龄差异显著, 舌尖现象随龄增多与删除功能不足有关。通达和删除功能不足是老年人舌尖现象增多的重要原因。
图/表 3
图1有干扰(左)和无干扰(右)条件下的舌尖现象诱发问题
图1有干扰(左)和无干扰(右)条件下的舌尖现象诱发问题表1不同条件下各年龄组的舌尖现象比例
| 年龄组 | 有干扰 | 无干扰 | 激活干扰 | 不激活干扰 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 年轻组 | 0.092 ± 0.059 | 0.079 ± 0.067 | 0.118 ± 0.055 | 0.120 ± 0.053 |
| 老年组 | 0.183 ± 0.087 | 0.133 ± 0.075 | 0.174 ± 0.010 | 0.140 ± 0.079 |
表1不同条件下各年龄组的舌尖现象比例
| 年龄组 | 有干扰 | 无干扰 | 激活干扰 | 不激活干扰 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 年轻组 | 0.092 ± 0.059 | 0.079 ± 0.067 | 0.118 ± 0.055 | 0.120 ± 0.053 |
| 老年组 | 0.183 ± 0.087 | 0.133 ± 0.075 | 0.174 ± 0.010 | 0.140 ± 0.079 |
图2不同条件下各年龄组的舌尖现象比例
图2不同条件下各年龄组的舌尖现象比例参考文献 45
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