努力：成本还是奖赏?

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易伟, 梅淑婷, 郑亚(

)

大连医科大学心理学系, 大连 116044

收稿日期:2018-10-17出版日期:2019-07-26发布日期:2019-06-25
通讯作者:郑亚E-mail:zhengya@dmu.edu.cn

基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金项目(31500872)

Effort: Cost or reward?

YI Wei, MEI Shuting, ZHENG Ya(

)

Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China

Received:2018-10-17Online:2019-07-26Published:2019-06-25
Contact:ZHENG Ya E-mail:zhengya@dmu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 努力(Effort)与奖赏系统关系密切。当前关于努力在奖赏加工中的作用存在两个截然相反的观点：努力是一种成本还是一种奖赏?理论模型包括：其一, 努力是一种成本, 会降低奖赏的价值, 相应的理论解释包括内部成本模型、机会成本模型及信号模型等; 其二, 努力能够提升奖赏的价值, 相应的理论解释包括认知失调和努力的合理化模型、习得性勤奋理论及认知需求理论等。这两种观点均得到了来自于动物学、行为学、电生理学以及神经影像学等证据的支持。未来研究需要对努力准确定义, 从时间进程角度对努力的理论进行整合, 进一步考察努力的相关影响因素。

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