) 中国科学院心理研究所, 北京 100101;中国科学院大学心理学系, 北京 100049
收稿日期:2018-02-28出版日期:2019-03-15发布日期:2019-01-22通讯作者:李兴珊E-mail:lixs@psych.ac.cn基金资助:国家自然科学基金委与德国科研基金委联合资助项目(NSFC 61621136008/DFC TRR-169);国国家自然科学基金委项目资助(31571125);国家自然科学基金委项目资助(31771212)Cross-modal integration of audiovisual information in language processing
HAN Haibin, XU Pingping, QU Qingqing, CHENG Xi, LI Xingshan() Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Received:2018-02-28Online:2019-03-15Published:2019-01-22Contact:LI Xingshan E-mail:lixs@psych.ac.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 日常生活中, 语言的使用往往出现在某个视觉情境里。大量认知科学研究表明, 视觉信息与语言信息加工模块并不是独立工作, 而是存在复杂的交互作用。本文以视觉信息对语言加工的影响为主线, 首先对视觉信息影响言语理解, 言语产生以及言语交流的相关研究进展进行了综述。其次, 重点对视觉信息影响语言加工的机制进行了探讨。最后介绍了关于视觉信息影响语言加工的计算模型, 并对未来的研究方向提出了展望。
图/表 6
图1Tanenhaus等(1995)使用的视觉刺激。左图为单表征物情境, 右图为双表征物情境, 被试在看图片的同时会听到局部歧义句“Put the apple on the towel in the box”。
图1Tanenhaus等(1995)使用的视觉刺激。左图为单表征物情境, 右图为双表征物情境, 被试在看图片的同时会听到局部歧义句“Put the apple on the towel in the box”。
图2Chambers等(2004)使用的视觉刺激示例。左图为包含两个液体鸡蛋的双表征物情境, 右图为只包含一个液体鸡蛋的单表征物情境。
图2Chambers等(2004)使用的视觉刺激示例。左图为包含两个液体鸡蛋的双表征物情境, 右图为只包含一个液体鸡蛋的单表征物情境。
图3Chambers和Juan (2008)的研究使用的视觉刺激示例。从方形到月亮位置标号依次为1~9。
图3Chambers和Juan (2008)的研究使用的视觉刺激示例。从方形到月亮位置标号依次为1~9。
图4Knoeferle等(2005)使用的视觉刺激示例。共包含三个角色, 其中左侧为海盗, 中间为拿着水桶正在清洗海盗的公主, 右边为拿着画笔正在画公主的击剑者。
图4Knoeferle等(2005)使用的视觉刺激示例。共包含三个角色, 其中左侧为海盗, 中间为拿着水桶正在清洗海盗的公主, 右边为拿着画笔正在画公主的击剑者。
图5Altmann和Kamide (2009)使用的视觉刺激示例
图5Altmann和Kamide (2009)使用的视觉刺激示例
图6模型组成以及模块间的交互作用(McCrae, 2009)。其中句法表征为语言模块, 语义表征为概念结构模块, 视觉背景为视觉感知模块。
图6模型组成以及模块间的交互作用(McCrae, 2009)。其中句法表征为语言模块, 语义表征为概念结构模块, 视觉背景为视觉感知模块。参考文献 89
| [1] | Allopenna P. D., Magnuson J. S., & Tanenhaus M. K . ( 1998). Tracking the time course of spoken word recognition using eye movements: Evidence for continuous mapping models. Journal of Memory and Language, 38( 38), 419-439. |
| [2] | Altmann G. T.M . ( 2004). Language-mediated eye movements in the absence of a visual world: The “blank screen paradigm.” Cognition, 93( 2), 79-87. |
| [3] | Altmann G. T. M., Garnham A., & Dennis Y . ( 1992). Avoiding the garden path: Eye movements in context. Journal of Memory and Language, 31( 5), 685-712. doi: 10.1016/0749-596X(92)90035-VURL |
| [4] | Altmann G. T.M., & Kamide Y. , ( 1999). Incremental interpretation at verbs: Restricting the domain of subsequent reference. Cognition, 73( 3), 247-264. doi: 10.1016/S0010-0277(99)00059-1URLpmid: 10585516 |
| [5] | Altmann G. T.M., & Kamide Y. , ( 2009). Discourse- mediation of the mapping between language and the visual world: Eye movements and mental representation. Cognition, 111( 1), 55-71. |
| [6] | Arias-Trejo N. & Plunkett K., ( 2009). Lexical-semantic priming effects during infancy. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364( 1536), 3633-3647. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0146URLpmid: 2846315 |
| [7] | Baumg?rtner C., Beuck N., & Menzel W . ( 2012). An architecture for incremental information fusion of cross- modal representations. IEEE International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems, 498-503. doi: 10.1109/MFI.2012.6343045URL |
| [8] | Beauchamp M.S . ( 2016). Chapter 42-Audiovisual speech integration: Neural substrates and behavior. Neurobiology of Language, ( 2011), 515-526. |
| [9] | Binder J. R., Frost J. A., Hammeke T. A., Cox R. W., Rao S. M., & Prieto T . ( 1997). Human brain language areas identified by functional magnetic resonance imaging. The Journal of Neuroscience, 17( 1), 353-362. URLpmid: 8987760 |
| [10] | Bobb S. C., Huettig F., & Mani N . ( 2016). Predicting visual information during sentence processing: Toddlers activate an object’s shape before it is mentioned. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 151, 51-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2015.11.002URLpmid: 26687440 |
| [11] | Brown-Schmidt S., & Tanenhaus M.K . ( 2008). Real-time investigation of referential domains in unscripted conversation: A targeted language game approach. Cognitive Science, 32(4), 643-684. doi: 10.1080/03640210802066816URLpmid: 2771881 |
| [12] | Bunger A., Skordos D., Trueswell J. C., & Papafragou A . ( 2016). How children and adults encode causative events cross-linguistically: Implications for language production and attention. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 31(8), 1015-1037. doi: 10.1080/23273798.2016.1175649URL |
| [13] | Carminati M.N., & Knoeferle P. , ( 2013). Effects of speaker emotional facial expression and listener age on incremental sentence processing. PLoS ONE, 8( 9), e72559. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072559URLpmid: 3765193 |
| [14] | Chambers C.G.,& Juan V.S . ( 2008). Perception and presupposition in real-time language comprehension: Insights from anticipatory processing. Cognition, 108( 1), 26-50. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2007.12.009URLpmid: 18262509 |
| [15] | Chambers C. G., Tanenhaus M. K., Eberhard K. M., Carlson G. N., & Filip H . ( 1998). Words and worlds: The construction of context for definite reference. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum(pp. 220-225). |
| [16] | Chambers C. G., Tanenhaus M. K., & Magnuson J. S . ( 2004). Actions and affordances in syntactic ambiguity resolution. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30( 3), 687-696. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.30.3.687URLpmid: 15099136 |
| [17] | Chen P-H. & Tsai J-L., ( 2015). The influence of syntactic category and semantic constraints on lexical ambiguity resolution: An eye movement study of processing Chinese homographs. Language and Linguistics, 16(4), 555-586. doi: 10.1177/1606822x15583239URL |
| [18] | Clark H.H., & Wilkes-gibbs D. , ( 1986). Referring as a collaborative process. Cognition, 22( 1), 1-39. doi: 10.1016/0010-0277(86)90010-7URLpmid: 3709088 |
| [19] | Coco M.I., & Keller F. , ( 2009). The impact of visual information on reference assignment in sentence production. Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 274-279. |
| [20] | Coco M.I., & Keller F. , ( 2012). Scan patterns predict sentence production in the cross-modal processing of visual scenes. Cognitive Science, 36( 7), 1204-1223. doi: 10.1111/j.1551-6709.2012.01246.xURLpmid: 22486717 |
| [21] | Cooper R.M . ( 1974). The control of eye fixation by the meaning of spoken language: A new methodology for the real-time investigation of speech perception, memory, and language processing. Cognitive Psychology, 6( 1), 84-107. |
| [22] | De Groot F., Huettig F & Olivers C. N. L. .,( 2016). Revisiting the looking at nothing phenomenon: Visual and semantic biases in memory search. Visual Cognition, 24, 226-245. doi: 10.1080/13506285.2016.1221013URL |
| [23] | Dilkina K., McClelland J. L., & Plaut D. C . ( 2010). Are there mental lexicons? The role of semantics in lexical decision. Brain Research, 1365, 66-81. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.057URLpmid: 20869349 |
| [24] | Elman J.L . ( 1990). Finding structure in time. Cognitive Science, 14( 2), 179-211. |
| [25] | Ferreira F., Foucart A., & Engelhardt P. E . ( 2013). Language processing in the visual world: Effects of preview, visual complexity, and prediction. Journal of Memory and Language, 69(3), 165-182. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2013.06.001URL |
| [26] | Findlay J. M. & Gilchrist I. D.. ,( 2003) . Active vision: The psychology of looking and seeing US: Oxford University Press The psychology of looking and seeing. US: Oxford University Press. |
| [27] | Fodor J.A . ( 1983). The modularity of mind. MIT press Cambridge. |
| [28] | Frazier L. & Rayner K., ( 1982). Making and correcting errors during sentence comprehension: Eye movements in the analysis of structurally ambiguous sentences. Cognitive Psychology, 14(2), 178-210. doi: 10.1016/0010-0285(82)90008-1URL |
| [29] | Garoufi K., Staudte M., Koller A., & Crocker M. W . ( 2016). Exploiting listener gaze to improve situated communication in dynamic virtual environments. Cognitive Science, 40(7), 1671-1703. doi: 10.1111/cogs.12298URLpmid: 26471391 |
| [30] | Gleitman L. R., January D., Nappa R., & Trueswell J. C . ( 2007). On the give and take between event apprehension and utterance formulation. Journal of Memory and Language, 57( 4), 544-569. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2007.01.007URLpmid: 2151743 |
| [31] | Griffin Z.M., & Bock K. ,( 2000). What the eyes say about speaking. Psychological Science, 11( 4), 274-279. doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00255URLpmid: 11273384 |
| [32] | Grill-Spector K. & Malach R., ( 2004). The human visual cortex. Annual. Review. Neuroscience, 27, 649-677. |
| [33] | Hafri A., Trueswell J. C., & Strickland B . ( 2018). Extraction of event roles from visual scenes is rapid, automatic, and interacts with higher-level visual processing. In Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society(Vol. 73). |
| [34] | Hagoort P. ( 2005). On Broca, brain, and binding: A new framework. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(9), 416-423. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2005.07.004URL |
| [35] | Hale J. ( 2001). A probabilistic Earley parser as a psycholinguistic model. In Proceedings of the second meeting of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Language technologies(pp. 1-8). doi: 10.3115/1073336.1073357URL |
| [36] | Heinrich S. & Wermter S., ( 2018). Interactive natural language acquisition in a multi-modal recurrent neural architecture . Connection Science, 30( 1), 99-133. doi: 10.1080/09540091.2017.1318357URL |
| [37] | Hintz F., Meyer A. S., & Huettig F . ( 2017). Predictors of verb-mediated anticipatory eye movements in the visual world. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 43( 9), 1352-1374. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000388. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000388URLpmid: 28287762 |
| [38] | Huang Y.T., & Snedeker J. , ( 2009). Semantic meaning and pragmatic interpretation in 5-year-olds: Evidence from real-time spoken language comprehension. Developmental Psychology, 45( 6), 1723-1739. doi: 10.1037/a0016704URLpmid: 19899927 |
| [39] | Huang Y.T., & Snedeker J. , ( 2011). Logic and conversation revisited: Evidence for a division between semantic and pragmatic content in real-time language comprehension. Language and Cognitive Processes, 26( 8), 1161-1172. doi: 10.1080/01690965.2010.508641URL |
| [40] | Huettig F. ( 2015). Four central questions about prediction in language processing. Brain Research, 1626, 118-135. |
| [41] | Huettig F., Gaskell M. G., & Quinlan P. T . ( 2004). How speech processing affects our attention to visually similar objects: Shape competitor effects and the visual world paradigm. In Proceedings of the 26th annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 607-612). |
| [42] | Huettig F., Olivers C. N. L., & Hartsuiker R. J . ( 2011). Looking, language, and memory: Bridging research from the visual world and visual search paradigms. Acta psychologica, 137( 2), 138-150. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.07.013URLpmid: 20817134 |
| [43] | Ito A., Pickering M. J., & Corley M . ( 2018). Investigating the time-course of phonological prediction in native and non-native speakers of English: A visual world eye-tracking study. Journal of Memory and Language, 98, 1-11. |
| [44] | Jackendoff R. ( 1983). Semantics and cognition (Vol.8). MIT press. |
| [45] | Johnson E.K., & Huettig F. , ( 2011). Eye movements during language-mediated visual search reveal a strong link between overt visual attention and lexical processing in 36-month-olds. Psychological Research, 75( 1), 35-42. doi: 10.1007/s00426-010-0285-4URLpmid: 20524009 |
| [46] | Johnson E. K., McQueen J. M., & Huettig F . ( 2011). Toddlers’ language-mediated visual search: They need not have the words for it. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64( 9), 1672-1682. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2011.594165URLpmid: 21812709 |
| [47] | Knoeferle P., Crocker M. W., Scheepers C., & Pickering M. J . ( 2005). The influence of the immediate visual context on incremental thematic role-assignment: Evidence from eye-movements in depicted events. Cognition, 95( 1), 95-127. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2004.03.002URLpmid: 15629475 |
| [48] | Knoeferle P. & Guerra E., ( 2016). Visually situated language comprehension. Language & Linguistics Compass, 10( 2), 66-82. |
| [49] | Knoeferle P. & Kreysa H., ( 2012). Can speaker gaze modulate syntactic structuring and thematic role assignment during spoken sentence comprehension? Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 538. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00538pmid: 3514542 |
| [50] | Kreysa H., Knoeferle P., & Nunneman E. M . ( 2014). Effects of speaker gaze versus depicted actions on visual attention during sentence comprehension. In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society( Vol. 36, No. 36). |
| [51] | Kuchenbuch A., Paraskevopoulos E., Herholz S. C., & Pantev C . ( 2014). Audio-tactile integration and the influence of musical training. PloS One, 9( 1), e85743. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085743URLpmid: 3897506 |
| [52] | Lee R., Chambers C. G., Huettig F., & Ganea P. A . ( 2017). Children’s semantic and world knowledge overrides fictional information during anticipatory linguistic processing. In The 39th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (CogSci 2017) |
| [53] | Leonard M.K., & Chang E.F . ( 2014). Dynamic speech representations in the human temporal lobe. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(9), 472-479. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2014.05.001URLpmid: 24906217 |
| [54] | Linzen T., & Jaeger T.F . ( 2016). Uncertainty and expectation in sentence processing: Evidence from subcategorization distributions. Cognitive Science, 40(6), 1382-1411. doi: 10.1111/cogs.12274URLpmid: 26286681 |
| [55] | MacDonald M.C . ( 1993). The interaction of lexical and syntactic ambiguity. Journal of Memory and Language, 32( 5), 692-715. doi: 10.1006/jmla.1993.1035URL |
| [56] | MacDonald M. C., Pearlmutter N. J., & Seidenberg M. S . ( 1994). Lexical nature of syntactic ambiguity resolution. Psychological Review, 101( 4), 676-703. doi: 10.1037//0033-295X.101.4.676URLpmid: 7984711 |
| [57] | Mani N., Johnson E., McQueen J. M., & Huettig F . ( 2013). How yellow is your banana? Toddlers’ language-mediated visual search in referent-present tasks. Developmental Psychology, 49( 6), 1036-1044. doi: 10.1037/a0029382URLpmid: 22845828 |
| [58] | Mani N. & Schneider S., ( 2013). Speaker identity supports phonetic category learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 39( 3), 623-629. doi: 10.1037/a0030402URLpmid: 23148468 |
| [59] | Marslen-Wilson W.D . ( 1975). Sentence perception as an interactive parallel process. Science, 189( 4198), 226-228. doi: 10.1126/science.189.4198.226URLpmid: 17733889 |
| [60] | McClelland J. L., Mirman D., Bolger D. J., & Khaitan P . ( 2014). Interactive activation and mutual constraint satisfaction in perception and cognition. Cognitive Science, 38( 6), 1139-1189. doi: 10.1111/cogs.12146URLpmid: 25098813 |
| [61] | McCrae P. ( 2009). A model for the cross-modal influence of visual context upon language processing. International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing (RANLP 09, Borovets, Bulgaria), 230-235. |
| [62] | McGurk H. & MacDonald J., ( 1976). Hearing lips and seeing voices. Nature, 264( 5588), 746-748. doi: 10.1038/264746a0URLpmid: 1012311 |
| [63] | Melissa K., Snedeker J., & Schulz L . ( 2017). Linking language and events: Spatiotemporal cues drive children’s expectations about the meanings of novel transitive verbs. Language Learning and Development, 13( 1), 1-23. doi: 10.1080/15475441.2016.1171771URL |
| [64] | Milburn E., Warren T., & Dickey M. W . ( 2015). World knowledge affects prediction as quickly as selectional restrictions: Evidence from the visual world paradigm. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 31( 4), 536-548. doi: 10.1080/23273798.2015.1117117URLpmid: 27148555 |
| [65] | Ng H. G., Anton P., Brügger M., Churamani N., Flie?wasser E., Hummel T., .. Wermter S . ( 2017). Hey Robot, Why don't you talk to me. IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN). IEEE, Lisbon, Portugal. doi: 10.1109/ROMAN.2017.8172383URL |
| [66] | Noh Y. & Lee M., ( 2017). The impact of inhibitory controls on anticipatory sentence processing in L2. Journal of Cognitive Science, 18( 1), 21-41. |
| [67] | Nozari N., Trueswell J. C., & Thompson-Schill S. L . ( 2016). The interplay of local attraction, context and domain-general cognitive control in activation and suppression of semantic distractors during sentence comprehension. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 23( 6), 1942-1953. doi: 10.3758/s13423-016-1068-8URLpmid: 27230894 |
| [68] | Ostarek M. & Hüettig F., ( 2017). Spoken words can make the invisible visible - Testing the involvement of low- level visual representations in spoken word processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 43( 3), 499-508. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000313URLpmid: 28080110 |
| [69] | Peeters D., Snijders T. M., Hagoort P., & ?zyürek A . ( 2017). Linking language to the visual world: Neural correlates of comprehending verbal reference to objects through pointing and visual cues. Neuropsychologia, 95, 21-29. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.12.004URLpmid: 27939189 |
| [70] | Pickering M. J., Garrod S., & McElree B . ( 2004). Interactions of language and vision restrict "visual world" interpretations. |
| [71] | Pluciennicka E., Coello Y., & Kalénine S . ( 2016). Development of implicit processing of thematic and functional similarity relations during manipulable artifact object identification: Evidence from eye-tracking in the Visual World Paradigm. Cognitive Development, 38, 75-88. |
| [72] | Pozzan L., & Trueswell J.C . ( 2016). Second language processing and revision of garden-path sentences: A visual word study. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 19( 3), 636-643. doi: 10.1017/S1366728915000838URLpmid: 27212888 |
| [73] | Eggermont J. J. (2017). Hearing loss: Causes, prevention, and treatment. Academic Press. |
| [74] | Richardson D.C., & Spivey M.J . ( 2000). Representation, space and Hollywood Squares: Looking at things that aren’t there anymore. Cognition, 76( 3), 269-295. doi: 10.1016/S0010-0277(00)00084-6URLpmid: 10913578 |
| [75] | Rossion B. & Pourtois G., ( 2004). Revisiting Snodgrass and Vanderwart’s object pictorial set: The role of surface detail in basic-level object recognition. Perception, 33( 2), 217-236. doi: 10.1068/p5117URLpmid: 15109163 |
| [76] | Salverda A.P., & Tanenhaus M.K . ( 2010). Tracking the time course of orthographic information in spoken-word recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36( 5), 1108-1117. doi: 10.1037/a0019901URLpmid: 20804288 |
| [77] | Smith A. C., Monaghan P., & Huettig F . ( 2017). The multimodal nature of spoken word processing in the visual world: Testing the predictions of alternative models of multimodal integration. Journal of Memory and Language, 93, 276-303. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2016.08.005URL |
| [78] | Smith A. C., Monaghan P., & Huettig F . ( 2014). Modelling language-Vision interactions in the hub and spoke framework. Computational Models of Cognitive Processes, 3-16. doi: 10.1142/9789814458849_0001URL |
| [79] | Smith A. C., Monaghan P., & Huettig F . ( 2014). A comprehensive model of spoken word recognition must be multimodal: Evidence from studies of language-mediated visual attention. In 36th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (CogSci 2014). Cognitive Science Society. |
| [80] | Snedeker J., & Trueswell J.C . ( 2004). The developing constraints on parsing decisions: The role of lexical-biases and referential scenes in child and adult sentence processing. Cognitive Psychology, 49( 3), 238-299. doi: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2004.03.001URLpmid: 15342261 |
| [81] | Staub A., Abbott M., & Bogartz R. S . ( 2012). Linguistically guided anticipatory eye movements in scene viewing. Visual Cognition, 20( 8), 922-946. doi: 10.1080/13506285.2012.715599URL |
| [82] | Staub A. & Clifton Jr C. , ( 2006). Syntactic prediction in language comprehension: Evidence from either..or. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32( 2), 425-436. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.32.2.425URLpmid: 1479855 |
| [83] | Tanenhaus M.K., & Brown-Schmidt S. , ( 2008). Language processing in the natural world. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363( 1493), 1105-1122. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2162URLpmid: 2606799 |
| [84] | Tanenhaus M. K., Spivey-Knowlton M. J., Eberhard K. M., & Sedivy J. C . ( 1995). Integration of visual and linguistic information in spoken language comprehension. Science, 268( 5217), 1632-1634. |
| [85] | Vaidyanathan P., Prud’hommeaux E., Alm C. O., Pelz J. B., & Haake A. R . ( 2015). Alignment of eye movements and spoken language for semantic image understanding. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computational Semantics, 76-81. |
| [86] | van Bergen G., & Flecken M. , ( 2017). Putting things in new places: Linguistic experience modulates the predictive power of placement verb semantics. Journal of Memory and Language, 92, 26-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2016.05.003URL |
| [87] | Venhuizen N. J., Brouwer H., & Crocker M . ( 2016). When the food arrives before the menu: Modeling event-driven surprisal in language comprehension. In Abstract Presented at Events in Language and Cognition, Pre-CUNY Workshop on Event Structure (Gainesville, FL). |
| [88] | Yeung H.H., & Nazzi T. , ( 2014). Object labeling influences infant phonetic learning and generalization. Cognition, 132( 2), 151-163. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2014.04.001URLpmid: 24809743 |
| [89] | Yeung H.H., & Werker J.F . ( 2009). Learning words’ sounds before learning how words sound: 9-month-olds use distinct objects as cues to categorize speech information. Cognition, 113( 2), 234-243. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2009.08.010URLpmid: 19765698 |
相关文章 13
| [1] | 隋雪, 史汉文, 李雨桐. 语言加工过程中的观点采择及其认知机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(6): 990-999. |
| [2] | 方岚, 郑苑仪, 金晗, 李晓庆, 杨玉芳, 王瑞明. 口语句子的韵律边界：窥探言语理解的秘窗[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(3): 425-437. |
| [3] | 南 云. 音乐学习对语言加工的促进作用[J]. 心理科学进展, 2017, 25(11): 1844-1853. |
| [4] | 伍丽梅;伍国华;陈卓铭. 双语者言语产生中语码切换代价 ——从孤立词汇到句子语境[J]. 心理科学进展, 2017, 25(1): 37-48. |
| [5] | 郑媛媛;李晓庆. 主语优先现象及其认知机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2011, 19(12): 1749-1758. |
| [6] | 黎樱;杨东;张庆林. 语言加工性别差异的神经机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2011, 19(11): 1625-1634. |
| [7] | 张烨; 张庆林. 识别电位认知功能探析[J]. 心理科学进展, 2010, 18(1): 28-33. |
| [8] | 方杰;李小健. 复合词在言语产生的词汇通达中的表征[J]. 心理科学进展, 2009, 17(6): 1116-1123. |
| [9] | 方杰;李小健. 言语产生的同音词表征：模型争论与再思[J]. 心理科学进展, 2009, 17(5): 909-916. |
| [10] | 李利;莫雷;王瑞明;潘敬儿. 双语言语产生中的词汇提取机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2006, 14(5): 648-653. |
| [11] | 杨锦陈，杨玉芳. 言语产生中的韵律生成[J]. 心理科学进展, 2004, 12(4): 481-488. |
| [12] | 张清芳,杨玉芳. 言语产生中的词汇通达理论[J]. 心理科学进展, 2003, 11(1): 6-11. |
| [13] | 何华;张武田. 右半球语言功能研究概述[J]. 心理科学进展, 2000, 8(2): 61-66. |
PDF全文下载地址:
http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlkxjz/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=4620
