杨玲, 姚东伟(), 曹华, 王斌强, 何圆圆, 苏红婷

西北师范大学心理学院, 兰州 730070

收稿日期:2017-11-16出版日期:2019-02-15发布日期:2018-12-25
通讯作者:姚东伟E-mail:cccpsky@163.com

基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金项目“奖赏对海洛因成瘾者的执行功能的影响机制” 资助(31660276)

The characteristics, mechanisms and interventions of drug addicts' decision-making defects

YANG Ling, YAO Dongwei(), CAO Hua, WANG Binqiang, HE Yuanyuan, SU Hongting

School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2017-11-16Online:2019-02-15Published:2018-12-25
Contact:YAO Dongwei E-mail:cccpsky@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 药物成瘾者存在决策缺陷, 并表现出冲动性、风险寻求、奖赏失调、躯体内感信号缺失等特征。神经影像学研究表明药物滥用导致成瘾者背外侧前额皮层、前扣带回、眶额叶皮层、腹内侧前额皮层、杏仁核、脑岛等脑区受损, 这些损伤是引发其决策缺陷的主要原因。认知训练有利于提高个体的决策能力, 如目标管理训练和正念冥想等可以增强个体工作记忆、促进自我觉察和以目标为导向的行为; 而非侵入性脑刺激则可以直接改变与成瘾者决策相关脑区的激活状态, 从而提升与决策相关的认知功能。总体而言, 未来认知训练和非侵入性脑刺激在成瘾干预方面仍有广阔的拓展空间。

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