Fund Project:Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan (Grant No. 2016YFA0300801), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51472046, 51272036, 51002021, 61131005), and the National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project (Grant No. 51827802)
Received Date:25 December 2020
Accepted Date:08 March 2021
Available Online:15 May 2021
Published Online:20 May 2021
Abstract:Liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) is one of the best techniques for the preparation of single crystal garnet films. However, the specific Faraday rotation angle of Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) is small, and its easy magnetization axis is parallel to the film surface. The YIG requires a large external saturation field, which cannot meet the development needs of magneto-optical devices. It is found that Bi-substituted YIG(Bi:YIG) film has a larger specific Faraday angle. By adjusting the easy magnetization axis of Bi: YIG perpendicular to the film surface, the saturation magnetization of Bi: YIG can be reduced, so that it can work under a small external magnetic field. This meets the development needs of miniaturization and energy saving of magneto-optical device. The saturation magnetization of garnet film can be effectively reduced by substituting Ga3+ for YIG crystal, mainly for Fe3+ at the 24d position of its tetrahedron. And the lattice constants of Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG) and YIG are 1.2383 nm and 1.2376 nm, respectively. However, the radius of Bi3+ (10.8 nm) is larger than that of Y3+ (9.0 nm), the lattice mismatch of garnet film increases with the incorporation of Bi3+. In order to neutralize the lattice expansion caused by Bi3+, Tm3+ (8.69 nm) with a radius smaller than that of Y3+ (9.0 nm) is selected. Based on the theoretical analysis of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of garnet film, (BiTm)3(GaFe)5O12 mono-crystalline films with different growth temperatures and different thickness values are grown by LPE on GGG (111) substrates. The experimental results show that when the thickness of epitaxial film is greater than 1 μm, the influence of shape anisotropy on magnetocrystalline anisotropy can be ignored. With the increase of growth temperature, the substitution number of Bi3+ ions decreases gradually, the lattice constant of epitaxial film decreases gradually, and the lattice mismatch first decreases and then increases. Then, the state of compressive stress gradually changes into that of tensile stress. Compared with growth-induced anisotropy, the stress-induced anisotropy is dominant in the change of magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The Verdet constant of (BiTm)3(GaFe)5O12 film is 11.8 × 104 rad/Tm@1064 nm. The results show that the prepared (BiTm)3(GaFe)5O12 mono-crystalline films have great development potential in magneto-optical devices. Keywords:liquid-phase epitaxy/ magnetocrystalline anisotropic/ lattice mismatch
表2(BiTm)3(GaFe)5O12膜的晶格常数($ {a}_{\mathrm{film}} $)和晶格失配($ \Delta a $) Table2.Lattice constant film ($ {a}_{\mathrm{film}} $) and lattice mismatch ($ \Delta a $) of (BiTm)3(GaFe)5O12.
由表2可知, 随着生长温度的上升, 晶格失配逐渐增大, 结合(4)式可知, $ {H}_{A} $和$ \Delta a $成正比, 随着生长温度的上升, 应力诱导的单轴各向异性逐渐增强, 有利于薄膜的面外各向异性的增强. 采用了电子探针显微分析(EPMA)针对厚度为5 μm、不同生长温度下的(BixTm3–x)(GayFe5–y)O12石榴石单晶薄膜中的Bi3+含量(x)进行了定量分析, EPMA测量结果如图4所示. 随着生长温度的上升, Bi3+含量总体逐渐降低, 这与在(BixTm3–x)(GayFe5–y)O12随着生长温度的上升, x逐渐减小[5]相符合; 结合(3)式和(2)式可知, 生长感生各向异性与生长温度和Bi3+的含量成正比, 立方磁晶各向异性与Bi3+的含量成正比, 由此得出(BiTm)3(GaFe)5O12石榴石单晶薄膜随着生长温度的上升, 生长诱导的面外各向异性与立方磁晶各向异性逐渐减弱. 图 4 不同生长温度下的(BixTm3–x)(GayFe5–y)O12膜中的x Figure4.x in (BixTm3–x)(GayFe5–y)O12 films at different growth temperatures