1.Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 2.School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3.CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Fund Project:Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0300600), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China(Grant Nos. XDB28000000, XDB07000000), and the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, China (Grant No. Z191100007219012)
Received Date:28 July 2020
Accepted Date:29 September 2020
Available Online:01 February 2021
Published Online:20 February 2021
Abstract:Based on the proximity effect, the exchange interaction at the interface between a ferromagnetic insulator (FI) and a superconductor (S) could enhance the Zeeman splitting of the superconducting quasiparticle density of states. The superconducting electrons feel the exchange field on the surface of the S layer. Therefore, tuning the internal exchange field at the FI/S interface could switch the superconductor from a superconducting state to a normal state, leading to an infinite magnetoresistance in FI/S heterostructure. Here in this work, we fabricate the EuS/Ta heterojunction by the pulsed laser deposition, and perform the magnetotransport measurements. In the EuS/Ta heterojunction, Ta film as a typical BSC supercenter exhibits the superconducting transition under 3.6 K, and the EuS film is ferromagnetic under 20 K. The magnetization of EuS is suppressed by superconductivity of Ta at 0.01 T below 3 K. In addition, the butterfly-type hysteresis loop is observed at 2 K. And the decrease of the saturation magnetization of EuS/Ta heterostructure is observed by comparing with the EuS single layer. It is caused by a reconstruction of homogeneous ferromagnetic order in the EuS ferromagnetic layer due to the proximity effect with the Ta superconducting layer. The above measurement results show that the competition between the ferromagnetism of EuS film and superconductivity of Ta film below Tc of Ta film. If the exchange field of the FI is sufficiently strong, it tries to align the spins of the electrons of a Cooper pair in S layer parallel to each other, thus destroying the superconductivity. Meanwhile, the superconductivity in S layer will be recovered when the exchange field of the FI is weak. The resistance at a specific value of the magnetic field (1 T) steeply drops to zero, and clear hysteresis behavior is observed in EuS/Ta heterostructure, resulting in an infinite magnetoresistance up to 144000%, by tuning the internal exchange field at EuS/Ta interface. Meanwhile, the anomalous Hall effect with hysteresis behavior is observed at 2 K, indicating that the electron in Ta film is spin polarized due to the magnetic proximity effect near the EuS/Ta interface. Our results show that the EuS/Ta heterostructure with infinite magnetoresistance could be a good candidate for spintronic devices. Keywords:ferromagnetic insulator/superconductor heterostructure/ exchange field/ magnetoresistance
基于四探针法, 利用Quantum Design公司的综合物性测试系统对样品的输运性质进行详细的测试分析. 还利用Quantum Design公司的超导量子干涉仪测试了样品的磁特性. 在EuS/Ta异质结中, EuS是典型的铁磁绝缘体[16], 因此输运结果主要反应Ta膜的电磁学响应. EuS/Ta异质结的电阻随温度变化的曲线如图2所示, 从图中可以看出Ta薄膜在4.1 K时开始超导态转变, 直至2.3 K时完全转变为超导态, 表明其超导转变温度Tc约为3.6 K, 低于其块材的4.5 K[17,18], 超导薄膜的超导转变温度一般和膜厚以及界面应力有关. 同块材相比, 薄膜的超导转变温度一般随着膜厚的减小而降低[17]. 图 2 EuS/Ta异质结的电阻随温度的变化曲线; 插图为超导转变温度放大图 Figure2. Resistance as a function of temperature for EuS/Ta heterostructure.Inset: zoom of R-T curve at low temperature range.
EuS/Ta异质结的热磁曲线和磁滞回线如图3所示. 从图3(a)中可以看出, 在0.01 T的面内磁场下, 该异质结的居里温度约为20 K, 稍高于EuS块材的居里温度(16.7 K). Stachow-Wójcik等[19]在KCl衬底上生长的EuS得到了类似的结果, 证明了EuS薄膜居里温度的升高归因于薄膜和衬底之间晶格失配度产生的应力. 另外, 在3.2 K, 接近Ta的超导转变温度处, 该异质结的热磁曲线出现了一个拐点, 说明在异质结中Ta处于超导态从而表现出抗磁性. 因此我们推测在3.2 K附近, EuS/Ta异质结中EuS的铁磁态和Ta的超导态共存. 将外磁场进一步提高至1 T, 异质结的热磁曲线只表现出铁磁性. 可能是在高磁场下, Ta层由超导态转变为正常态, 进而异质结中只有铁磁性被观测到. 图 3 (a) EuS/Ta异质结的热磁曲线, 插图是低温区域的放大, 黑色箭头指向热磁曲线的拐点; (b) 2 K时EuS/Ta异质结和EuS单层膜的磁滞回线 Figure3. (a) Magnetization of temperature dependence of the EuS/Ta heterostructure. Inset: zoom of M-T curve at low temperature, the black arrow marks the kick point of M-T curve with H = 0.01 T; (b) magnetic hysteresis loop of the EuS/Ta heterostructure and EuS single layer at 2 K, respectively.