1.Ion Beam and Optical Physics Joint Laboratory of Xianyang Normal University and Institute of Modern physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xianyang 712000, China 2.Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 3.School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Fund Project:Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0402300), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11505248, 11775042, 11875096), the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department, China (Grant No. 20JK0975), and the Scientific Research Plan of Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2020JM-624)
Received Date:01 August 2020
Accepted Date:03 September 2020
Available Online:09 January 2021
Published Online:20 January 2021
Abstract:The L-shell X-ray emissions of iodine are investigated as a function of target atomic number for 4.5-MeV I20+ ions impacting on Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn targets. Six distinct L-subshell X-rays are observed. The energy of the x-ray has a blue shift compared with the atomic data. The relative intensity ratio of Lβ1, 3, 4 and Lβ2, 15 to Lα1, 2 almost increase linearly with the target atomic number increasing. The ratio of I(Lι) to I(Lα1, 2) and I (Lγ2, 3, 4, 4') to I(Lγ1) are approximately proportional to the square of target atomic number. It is indicated that during the interaction of highly charged heavy ions with atom in the energy region near the Bohr velocity, the inner-shell process is mainly caused by the close-range collisions below the surface. There, the projectile not only has enough time to capture electrons from the target atom to be neutralized, but also has enough kinetic energy to ionize the inner-shell electron by coulomb interaction. At the balance between electron capture and ionization, the outer-shells of M, N, O etc. could be multiply ionized. The extent of multiple ionization increases with the target atomic number increasing. That leads to the energy shift, resulting in the change of the relative intensity ratio for the L-subshell X-ray. The smaller the atomic fluorescence, the larger the enhanced fluorescence caused by multiple ionization. Keywords:ion-atom collision/ X-ray/ multiple ionization
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3.1.I的L壳层X射线辐射谱
图1给出了作用于不同靶材表面时, 4.5 MeV I20+离子激发的特征X射线谱. 利用Origin多峰拟合程序进行Gauss拟合分析, 实验谱线完全符合高斯线型, 不同靶面上的谱具有相似的结构, 由6条分辨较好的谱线组成. 由能量识别可知, 这是I的L壳层分支X射线, 可标记为Lι, Lα1, 2, Lβ1, 3, 4, Lβ2, 15, Lγ1和Lγ2, 3, 4, 4' X射线, 如图2所示, 分别对应的能级跃迁为: M1–L3, M5, 4–L3, M4–L2/ M3, 2–L1, N5, 4–L3, N4–L2和N3, 2–L1/O3, 2–L1[27]. 图 1 4.5 MeV I20+离子作用于不同靶材激发的L壳层X射线. 虚线为各分支谱线的拟合, 实线为总的实验谱线的拟合结果 Figure1. I L-shell X-ray induced by 4.5 MeV I20+ ions impacting on various targets. The dotted line is the fitted results of sub-shell X ray. Line is the fitted results of the total experiment spectra.
图 2 L壳层分支X射线跃迁图 Figure2. Transitions of L-subshell X-rays.
表14.5 MeV I20+离子作用于不同靶材产生I的L壳层分支X射线能量, 作为对比, 第一行给出了单电离的原子数据, 实验误差主要来源于谱线的拟合误差 Table1.The energies of I L-subshell X-ray produced by 4.5 MeV I20+ ions impacting on various targets.