1.Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China 2.Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China 3.College of Optical Science, University of Arizona, Arizona 85721, USA
Fund Project:Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2017 YFF0104603) and 111 Project, China (Grant No. B17031)
Received Date:26 April 2019
Accepted Date:25 July 2019
Available Online:01 November 2019
Published Online:20 November 2019
Abstract:The upper-laser-level lifetime (fluorescence lifetime) of the rear earth dopant in the active fiber is a key parameter which indicates the performance of the fiber, and takes an important role in designing the laser system. However, the accurate measurement of fluorescence lifetime in active fiber remains challenging, which mainly rely on the direct measurement of laser induced fluorescence lifetime of the active fiber or lifetime measurement of bulk laser glass. The former method suffers the error due to the amplified spontaneous emission and the reabsorption process, while the latter ignores the influence of high temperature and tension produced during the fiber drawing on the emission behavior of the material. Therefore, the accuracy of these measurements can become a problem. In this work, we propose a new approach to measuring the upper-laser-level lifetime of the rear earth dopant in the active fiber based on the power/energy performance of the fiber amplifier. The population inversion, i. e. the energy storage, in the active fiber of a fiber amplifier is a function of upper-laser-level lifetime. Therefore, the upper-laser-level lifetime can be derived by measuring the average power or output pulse energy of the amplifier, given that the energy storage in the active fiber is extracted adequately by a seed laser. Using the rate equations, we model the population inversion and energy storage in the active fiber each as a function of pump power and time, and the resulting relationship between the upper-laser-level lifetime and the average output power. The upper-laser-level lifetimes of several commercial Yb-doped active fibers are experimentally measured by this method through using the fibers as the gain media of the amplifier operated at 1064 nm. The convenience of experimental data processing is also discussed. The measured lifetime and evolution trend of the lifetime with dopant concentration exhibitthat they are in good agreement with those from other reports and the theoretical model, which verifies the feasibility of this method. Keywords:upper-laser-level lifetime/ active fiber/ fiber laser/ fiber amplifier
在脉冲种子光的放大过程中, 有源光纤中存储的能量被注入的脉冲种子光所提取. 如种子光较弱, 不足以实现对有源光纤储能的充分提取, 储能会随时间t的增长波动上升, 最终在(6)式右边第二项决定的饱和值附近波动; 如种子光功率较强, 当种子光经过有源光纤、对其中的储能充分提取后, 有源光纤在抽运光作用下重新开始储能, 过程如图2(a)所示. 图2(b)给出了模拟的在种子光充分提取有源光纤储能的条件下输出脉冲强度与种子光脉冲重复频率(pulse repetition rate, PRR)之间的关系. 图 2 抽运功率5 W时有源纤储能及(a)不同提取效率下归一化储能密度随时间的变化(PRR = 10 kHz), (b)放大级输出脉冲强度与种子光重复频率之间的关系 Figure2. Energy storage with 5 W launched pump power and (a) normalized energy density with different extraction efficiency as a function of time (PRR = 10 kHz), (b) the relationship between output pulse intensity and seed PRR.
3.实验结果与讨论为验证上述有源光纤中稀土离子能级寿命测量理论模型的合理性, 以掺镱有源光纤中Yb3+的能级寿命测量为例, 我们设计了如图4所示的实验系统. 图 4 基于掺镱光纤激光放大器的激光上能级寿命测量实验装置 Figure4. Experimental setup of the Ytterbium-doped amplifier in the upper-laser-level lifetime measurement.