Fund Project:project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11674147) and the Key Research and Development Plan of Jiangxi Province, China (Grant No. 20171BBE50052)
Received Date:08 June 2019
Accepted Date:25 July 2019
Available Online:01 October 2019
Published Online:05 October 2019
Abstract:In this paper, the effects of p-layer hole concentration and p-layer thickness on the performances of InGaN p-i-n homojunction solar cells with different indium components and their intrinsic mechanisms are investigated by numerical simulations. it is found that the conversion efficiency of solar cells first increases and then decreases slightly with the increase of p-layer hole concentration and p-layer thickness. Moreover, the change of p-layer hole concentration and p-layer thickness will cause great changes of the conversion efficiency of the solar cells, especially as the indium composition increases. In order to better clarify and understand the physical mechanism of this phenomenon, the collection efficiency, I-V characteristic, built-in electric field and carrier transport of solar cells are analyzed in this paper. When the hole concentration is insufficient, the build-in electric filed is not strong enough to separate the most of the electric-hole pairs. This will reduce the collection efficiency. In addition, the lower the hole concentration, the higher the series resistance of solar cells will be and the more the power loss. So a conclusion can be drawn that the lower hole concentration of p-layer would be accompanied by the reduction of collection efficiency and the increase of series resistance, thus resulting in a lower conversion efficiency. With the increase of the hole concentration which is below an optimal value, the built-in electric field reaches the threshold, which can improve the collection efficiency. At the same time, although the series resistance is reduced to a certain extent, it still reduces the effective output power and limits the conversion efficiency. When the hole concentration is higher than the optimal value, the carrier mobility becomes the main factor limiting the conversion efficiency. As for the p-layer thickness, the simulation results indicate that the lateral transport of carriers from the p-layer to the anode electrodes becomes more obstructive with the thinning of p-layer thickness. This is because when the p-layer thickness decreases, thus causing the p-layer sectional area to decrease, the lateral series resistance becomes higher. It is clear that when the p-layer is too thin, the lateral series resistance is one of the main limiting factors affecting the conversion efficiency of solar cells. Keywords:numerical simulation/ InGaN/ homojunction/ solar cell
全文HTML
--> --> -->
2.数值模型模拟求解的主要物理方程包括输运方程(漂移扩散输运模型和能量平衡输运模型)、泊松方程、自由空穴的连续性方程和自由电子的连续性方程等. 本文通过商业模拟软件ATLAS[24]模块建立InGaN p-i-n同质结太阳电池数值模型, 在300 K, 一个太阳AM1.5(100 mW/cm2)的辐照环境下进行一系列的器件性能模拟. InxGa1–xN p-i-n同质结太阳电池结构如图1所示. 整个器件面积为100 μm × 100 μm. 由于是同质结, 器件内部界面处由极化产生的等效界面电荷为零; 另外, 考虑到表面态的补偿作用, 整个器件上、下表面由极化产生的束缚电荷均被假设为零. GaN中Mg受主的热激活能高达140—220 meV, Mg受主的离化率为1%—5%[25,26], 使得p型GaN空穴浓度很低. 所以在模型中p型InxGa1–xN材料中Mg掺杂剂的离化率设为1%[27]; 电池表面无光反射; 电池的电极接触为欧姆接触且阳极的遮光面积为5%[28]; 前表面和背表面复合速度为1 ×104 cm/s[28]; 复合模型为俄歇复合和Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH)复合, 电子和空穴的俄歇复合系数均为1.4 × 10–30 cm6/s[29], InxGa1–xN材料的SRH少子寿命设定为1 ns[30]. 表1中的参数作为器件结构的基准参数, 通过仅改变其中的某一个参数来模拟计算该参数对太阳电池性能的影响规律. 图 1 InxGa1–xN p-i-n同质结太阳电池结构示意图y是距离p层表面的位置, y = 0代表p层表面 Figure1. Schematic of InxGa1–xN p-i-n homojunction solar cells. y is the position measured from the p-layer surface and y = 0 represents the p-layer surface.
参数
基准值
铟组分/%
20, 40, 60
少子寿命/ns
1
p层掺杂激活浓度/cm–3
5 × 1017
i层掺杂浓度/cm–3
1 ×1017
n层掺杂浓度/cm–3
5 × 1017
p层厚度/μm
0.2
i层厚度/μm
0.4
n层厚度μm
2
表面复合速度/cm·s–1
1 ×104
表1InxGa1–xN p-i-n同质结器件中的基准参数 Table1.Parameters of baseline for InxGa1–xN p-i-n homojunction solar cells.