1.Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China 2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Fund Project:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61501429).
Received Date:05 March 2019
Accepted Date:11 April 2019
Available Online:01 July 2019
Published Online:05 July 2019
Abstract:The traditional method of designing the initial configuration of off-axis reflective optical system is to first obtain the initial configuration of coaxial reflective optical system, and then achieve the unobscured design with an offset aperture stop or a biased input field, or both. Because the aberration distribution of coaxial reflective optical system is not applicable to the off-axis reflective optical system, the obtained unobscured off-axis reflective optical system has large aberration, and the unobscured design process is complicated. In this paper we present a method of designing an initial configuration of off-axis reflective optical system based on vector aberration theory. With this design method, a good unobscured initial configuration of off-axis reflective optical system can be directly obtained by using an offset aperture stop or a biased input field, or both. Based on the vector aberration theory and gaussian brackets, the third-order aberration coefficient is derived for off-axis reflective optical system. Initial configuration performance is important for optical design, especially for the complicated optical system design. The selection of initial configuration highly affects the final system imaging performance, fabrication difficulty and alignment difficulty. An error function is established to evaluate the performance of off-axis reflective optical system, and it consists of aberration coefficients and other constraints. The genetic algorithm is a highly parallel, random and adaptive global optimization algorithm. To obtain a good initial configuration for the off-axis reflective optical system, the genetic algorithm is used to search for the initial configuration with minimum residual aberration. This method can obtain a good initial configuration of off-axis reflective optical system for further optimization. The benefit of this design method is demonstrated by designing an off-axis three-mirror optical system. For the focal plane array, a long-wave infrared off-axis three-mirror optical system is designed. A good initial configuration is obtained with the proposed method, which achieves the unobscured design by using an offset aperture stop and a biased input field. To improve the performance of initial configuration, the obtained initial configuration is optimized with the optical design software. The designed optical system has good imaging quality. As the mirrors are free from the tilts and decenters, the designed optical system is aligned easily. Keywords:geometric optics/ off-axis reflective system/ vector aberration theory/ optical design
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2.1.离轴反射光学系统像差分析
光瞳离轴、视场离轴或二者结合的方法是实现无遮拦设计的主要方式. 对于视场离轴的光学系统, 只是在分析时取轴对称系统的轴外视场部分, 因此视场离轴光学系统像差表现形式与轴对称光学系统一致; 对于光瞳离轴的光学系统, 由于光瞳存在偏移, 像差表现形式变得十分复杂, 光瞳离轴光学系统可以看作是轴对称系统的光瞳截取轴外一部分形成的子光学系统, 如图1所示. 图 1 光瞳离轴光学系统示意图 Figure1. Schematic ofoptical system with an offset aperture stop.