1.Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China 2.Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security (Harbin Engineering University), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, China 3.College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China 4.Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, Zhanjiang 524088, China
Fund Project:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41406041), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2014A030310256), and the Excellent Young Teachers Program of GDOU, China (Grant No. HDYQ2015010).
Received Date:17 October 2018
Accepted Date:28 February 2019
Available Online:01 June 2019
Published Online:20 June 2019
Abstract:In order to provide constraint to the number of inversion parameters, sound speed profile is often modeled by empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). However, the EOF method, which is dependent on the sample data, is often difficult to apply due to insufficient real-time in-situ measurements. In this paper, we present a novel basis for reconstructing the sound speed profile, which can be obtained by using historical data without real-time sample. By deducing the dynamic equations and the state function of water particle, the hydrodynamic mode bases (HMBs) can be calculated from historical data without real-time in-situ measurement, and a method of constructing the sound speed profile is established by using the dynamic characteristics of seawater. The use of the World Ocean Atlas 2013 (WOA13) can obtain the seasonal profiles of temperature and salinity, and then the HMB which represents the dynamic characteristic of internal tides is obtained and analyzed. Unlike EOF, the HMB and its projection coefficients are directly related to the sea dynamic features and have a more explicit physical meaning. According to the orthogonality analysis of hydrodynamic mode, the first-order coefficient can be used to describe the depth change of sound speed iso-lines and the second-order coefficient can be used to describe the change of sound speed gradient. Based on the conductance-temperature-depth profiles and broadband data from underwater explosion collected in the East China Sea experiment of the Asian Seas International Acoustic Experiment, the HMB is tested and compared with the EOF in the sound speed profile reconstruction and matched field tomography. The results show that the sound speed profile in shallow water area can be expressed by the HMB with proper precision. By means of the conventional matched field tomography, the valid sound speed profile can also be obtained in the form of HMB coefficients. The result of transmission loss prediction and tomography from HMB are as good as those from EOF, while the HMB has less dependent on real-time in-situ measurement. The HMB is easy to obtain and closely related to the physical characteristics of seawater, it can be used as an efficient alternative to EOF for monitoring the marine dynamic phenomena in sea areas with insufficient real-time in-situ measurement. Keywords:sound speed profile/ acousic tomography/ hydrodynamic mode bases/ inversion
图 8 1525 m/s等声速线深度和第一阶投影系数随样本的变化 Figure8. Variations of the depth at a sound speed of 1525 m/s and the first-order projection coefficient with samples.
图 9 声速梯度和第二阶投影系数随样本的变化 Figure9. Variations of the sound speed gradient and the second-order projection coefficient with samples.
23.5.匹配场声层析应用 -->
3.5.匹配场声层析应用
上面的讨论中得到HMB方法可以有效构建声速剖面的结论. 然而, 声速剖面展开基函数最重要的应用场合是在水声学逆问题的求解中. 反演过程中存在的多种复杂因素与基函数的相互作用影响着反演的效果, 因此有必要通过实际的反演对HMB方法在逆问题应用中的效果进行分析. 在前述东中国海实验中也进行了声传播实验, 声源为38 g定深50 m的爆炸声源, 接收采用32元垂直阵. 水听器覆盖的深度为4.5—90.5 m, 32.5 m以上水听器间隔约2 m, 32.5 m以下间隔约4 m, 其中36.5 m及52.25 m的两个水听器损坏, 所以反演使用了余下的30个水听器的声压数据. 传播实验过程中, 海深可近似为恒定105 m. 为检验HMB方法的普遍适用性, 采用常规的匹配场声层析方法. 反演使用宽带非相关Bartlett处理器, 匹配处理使用频段为99—201 Hz, 共35个频率点数, 整体流程如图10所示. 使用遗传算法在寻优空间中快速寻找一组参数向量$m$使得代价函数 图 10 反演流程 Figure10. Inversion process.
其中$\delta $为狄拉克函数. 图12给出了对10.2 km处(图11(a))宽带爆炸声源信号进行匹配场声层析所得前三阶投影系数的归一化一维边缘概率密度分布. 可以看出: 1) 3个参数均以最高概率收敛于全局最优值, 反演结果可信度高; 2)随着参数远离最优结果, 概率密度迅速下降且基本无旁瓣, 说明参数敏感和结果唯一性较好. 根据反演的分析, 基于HMB方法声速逆问题求解结果有效且唯一性好, 这有利于基于反演结果和声速基函数对海洋动力参数进行直接的求解分析. 图 12 3个反演参数的边缘概率密度分布 (红线为代价函数最优值对应参数) Figure12. Probability distribution for the three inversion parameters (the red line is the optimum value for the objective function).