Progress of tourism risk research based on data from the Web of Science
SHI Yong,1,2, YAO Qian3, WANG Wenhua3, XI Jianchao,2, ZHANG Fei41. Department of Economics and Management, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China 2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China 3. School of Tourism Management, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China 4. Culture and Tourism Department of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450003, China
Received:2019-09-4Revised:2021-01-25Online:2021-05-25 作者简介 About authors 石勇,女,河南泌阳人,副教授,博士后,研究方向为城市与旅游风险管理。E-mail: shiyong@sus.edu.cn
摘要 自2001年9/11事件起,包括非典、巴厘岛爆炸案、亚洲海啸等重大灾难事件极大地打击了世界旅游业,旅游风险问题日益凸显。以2001—2018年“Web of Science核心合集”中296篇与旅游风险研究高度相关论文为基础,对旅游风险研究现状及成果进行了系统性总结和梳理。研究发现:①旅游风险研究受到多学科的广泛关注,按照文献数量和研究热点可分为萌芽期(2001—2006年)、蓄势期(2007—2012年)和发展期(2013—2018年)3个阶段;②国际旅游风险研究在国家及地区层面上表现出“一超多强”的态势,“一超”为美国,处于合作网络中的中心地位,“多强”为澳大利亚、英国、中国(不含台湾地区);③旅游风险研究方法种类丰富,主要涵盖了描述分析、访谈法、模型分析和统计分析4类;④旅游风险的相关研究成果主要集中在旅游风险内涵、游客风险、目的地风险、利益相关者风险、宏观背景下的旅游风险5方面。结合国外的研究经验,本文提出未来中国应就完善旅游风险理论体系、深化游客风险感知与行为研究主题、拓宽旅游目的地风险研究思路、重视社区居民在旅游风险管理中的作用、关注宏观背景下的旅游风险5方面加强研究,以促使研究体系完善和优化。 关键词:旅游风险;游客风险;目的地风险;利益相关者风险;Web of Science;CiteSpace
Abstract Since the 9/11 attack in 2001, a series of catastrophic events, such as the SARS outbreak, the Bali bombings, and the Indian Ocean tsunami, have stuck the tourism industry worldwide and the issue of tourism risks has become increasingly prominent. The purpose of this study is to present a comprehensive literature review about the extant research on tourism risk. This study systematically reviewed 296 relevant research articles and proceeding papers based on the Web of Science Core Collection database. The articles published during 2001-2018 were selected. The findings indicate that: (1) Tourism risk research has received extensive attention from multiple disciplines and can be categorized into three periods underlying the number of literature and research hotspots: the nascent period (2001-2006), the accumulation period (2007-2012), and the development period (2013-2018). (2) Tourism risk research is characterized by the trend of “one super actor and many strong actors” at the national and regional levels. The super actor refers to the United States at the center of the cooperative network, while the strong actors are Australia, the United Kingdom, and China (excluding Taiwan Province). (3) Research methods of tourism risk tend to be of high diversity, mainly covering four categories: descriptive analysis, interview, modeling, and statistical analysis. (4) The relevant research results of tourism risk mainly focus on five aspects of tourism risk connotation, tourist risk, destination risk, stakeholder risk, and tourism risk in macro context. The study proposed five directions of future research based on the current literature of tourism risk to facilitate the optimization of the research system: improving the theories of tourism risk, deepening the understanding of tourists’ risk perception and behavior, broadening research themes on destination risk management, emphasizing the role of community residents in tourism risk management, and paying attention to the tourism risk under the marco context of the global market. Keywords:tourism risk;tourist risk;destination risk;stakeholder risk;Web of Science;CiteSpace
PDF (1990KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 石勇, 姚前, 王文华, 席建超, 张飞. 基于Web of Science的旅游风险研究进展. 资源科学[J], 2021, 43(5): 1038-1050 doi:10.18402/resci.2021.05.16 SHI Yong, YAO Qian, WANG Wenhua, XI Jianchao, ZHANG Fei. Progress of tourism risk research based on data from the Web of Science. RESOURCES SCIENCE[J], 2021, 43(5): 1038-1050 doi:10.18402/resci.2021.05.16
1 引言
随着可支配收入的增加和交通运输工具的进步,旅游已成为城乡居民日常生活的重要组成部分,旅游业也成为许多国家外汇收入的重要来 源[1]。世界旅游组织(UNWTO)调查显示,2017年旅游业对出口收入增长的贡献率首次超过了汽车业和食品业,成为仅次于化工和燃料的全球第三大行业[2]。这种强劲的拉动作用,既凸显了旅游业在全球产业中的地位,也表明旅游业发展面临着巨大的风险压力。一方面,随着全球气候变暖和海平面的上升,极端自然灾害发生的频率、强度和范围都在加大,将进一步威胁区域旅游业的可持续发展[3];另一方面,随着贸易的全球化以及交通工具和通讯技术的发展,区域性的风险将通过旅游业扩展到世界各地,例如巨大的人口流动规模提高了流行病传播的风险、国际旅游者面临着恐怖分子袭击的风险[4,5]。风险一旦转化为危机,不仅会导致旅游地的人员伤亡和基础设施的破坏,更会威胁该地的旅游形象,造成目的地旅游业的持久衰退。面对突发性危机事件,由被动转化为主动的风险管控和针对干扰与冲击系统的抵抗、吸收、适应能力建设,已经成为灾害风险管理的主流[6]。国际实施开展的《2015—2030年仙台减灾框架》呼吁全球各国加强减灾能力建设。中国的《国家综合防灾减灾“十三五”规划》要求努力实现从注重灾后救助向注重灾前预防转变、从减少灾害损失向减轻灾害风险转变。然而,风险管理在旅游研究中的应用仍处于起步阶段,更多的研究关注城市与乡村等人类的惯常环境。事实上,灾害风险的不确定性与旅游活动的移动性叠加,旅游业的风险管控更显紧迫,特别是将旅游业作为主导产业的城市,旅游业的稳定是城市可持续发展的重要前提。2001年9/11事件后,国外的旅游风险研究得到旅游学、灾害学、地理学、医学等学科的广泛关注,不乏****对研究进展进行梳理。如Williams等[7]回顾了旅游风险的研究成果,审视了旅游风险研究领域的不足,Yang等[8]整理了旅游风险感知的内涵、影响因素与评价模型。郑向敏等[9]、邹巧柔等[10]国内旅游安全研究****对近30年来国内外的旅游安全研究进行了系统梳理,内容涉及旅游安全研究进展[11,12,13,14]、女性旅游安全[9]、探险旅游安全[15]、旅游者安全行为[10]等,但国内涉及旅游风险的研究综述却并不多见[16]。已有相关总结大部分聚焦于旅游风险感知、旅游风险管理等局部领域[17,18],缺少对旅游风险领域研究议题进行的整体把握。因此,本文尝试以“Web of Science核心合集”为样本数据源,回顾2001—2018年间旅游风险研究发展的现状、趋势和前沿,以期为相关研究提供参考和借鉴。
2 数据来源与文献概况
2.1 数据来源
WOS(Web of Science)引文数据库是美国科学情报研究所(American Information Science Institute,ISI)的产品,收录了9000多种世界权威、高影响力的学术期刊。笔者于2019年7月15日以“核心合集”为对象数据库,设定“标题(Title)=‘risk’AND标题=‘tourism’or‘travel’or‘tourist’or‘trip’or‘journey’AND语种=‘English’”为检索条件,时间跨度为2001年1月1日至2018年12月31日,共检索到613条文献记录。选择类型为“论文(Article)、会议文章(Proceedings paper)、综述(Review)”的文献,经过阅读标题、摘要、关键词后删除与主题明显不相关的文献,共获取旅游风险研究文献296篇。
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