A review of the Badain Jaran Sand Sea and its megadune
XIAO Nan,, DONG Zhibao,, LIU Zhengyao, TUO Yu, SHI HuanyuSchool of Geography and Tourism/Planetary Aeolian Research Institute, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi′an 710119, China
Abstract The inland aridification in Asia is a hot topic in paleoenvironmental research. The Badain Jaran Sand Sea is the second largest mobile sand sea in the Asian inland. It has the world′s highest aeolian landforms—megadune. Thus, it is an important carrier for the study of inland aridification in Asia. The formation and evolution of megadune are related to the environmental changes of the sand sea where they are located. Megadune recorded the regional and global climate changes. Therefore, the study on the formation and development of megadune should start from regional geology and environmental evolution. This paper expounded the formation and evolution of megadune, lakes and the sand sea itself in the Badain Jaran Sand Sea from six aspects: geological evolution, environmental evolution, sedimentology, hydrology, megadune landforms, and the formation and development of megadune. It is considered that for inland aridification in Asia tectonic/climatic events are the primary factor and the Earth′s orbital changes are the secondary factor. From the beginning of the neotectonic movement to its slowing down, tectonic/climatic events had always been the main factor controlling the climate in the Badain Jaran Sand Sea, and the Earth′s orbital changes had also played a significant role. At that time, the westerly circulation was the main driving force of the climate for these areas. After the moderating of neotectonic movement, the Earth′s orbital changes were the main controlling factor of climate in the sand sea belt of northern China. The influence of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on atmospheric circulation had gradually emerged. The East Asian monsoon circulation was the main driving force of climate in this region. In addition, effective moisture was controlled by summer monsoon, while winter monsoon dominated aeolian activities. These were different from the unified model under the action of westerly circulation. The paleo-source recharge hypothesis can better explain the origin of lake water. Lakes are replenished by the ancient water preserved underground through shallow underground waterways. On the macro level, lakes are wind-eroded lakes. Thus, there is no inevitable causal relationship between lakes and the maintenance of megadune. The aeolian hypothesis can better explain the formation of megadune. One of the important researches in the future will be to reconstruct the evolutionary history of megadune and sand seas and to explore the relationship between them. Keywords:megadune landforms;formation;evolution;climate;the Badain Jaran Sand Sea
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自晚更新世以来,河湖水系萎缩并逐渐消亡[24,25]。晚更新世的末次间冰期(120~78 ka, MIS 5),东亚季风进一步增强,气候转为暖湿,沙漠腹地湖泊再次发育[7,10,16,18,23,27-31]。河流径流量增大,沙漠西北部的古日乃湖-拐子湖地区发育大湖泊[16]。末次冰期早冰阶(79.3~66.8 ka, MIS 4),气候冷干,冬季风盛行,雨水较少,沙漠湖泊盐度升高[10]。
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