何玲^{1, 2,},
闫慧慧¹,
贾启建³,
张利^{1, 2},
宋周莺^4,,
1.河北农业大学国土资源学院 保定 071000
2.国土资源部环渤海土地利用河北沧州野外基地 沧州 061000
3.河北农业大学农村发展学院 保定 071000
4.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101
基金项目: 河北省社会科学基金项目HB17GL057

详细信息

作者简介:何玲, 主要研究方向为土地生态、土地持续利用与土地整治。E-mail:helingsss@163.com

通讯作者:宋周莺, 主要研究方向为经济地理与区域发展。E-mail:songzy@igsnrr.ac.cn

中图分类号:F301.24

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出版历程

收稿日期:2017-06-27
录用日期:2017-11-06
刊出日期:2018-04-01

Regionalization of suitable development of unutilized lands in Huanghua City

HE Ling^{1, 2,},
YAN Huihui¹,
JIA Qijian³,
ZHANG Li^{1, 2},
SONG Zhouying^4,,
1. College of Land and Resources, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
2. Cangzhou Field Research Station, Hebei-land Use of Circum Bohai Sea for the Ministry of Land and Resources, Cangzhou 061000, China
3. College of Rural Devel-opment, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
4. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Funds: the Hebei Social Science Fund ProjectHB17GL057

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Corresponding author:SONG Zhouying, E-mail: songzy@igsnrr.ac.cn

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摘要
摘要:未利用地作为重要的土地后备资源，研究其开发适宜性及其开发模式是实现土地可持续利用的重要举措，对保障我国粮食安全、实现经济发展和生态文明建设均具有重要意义。同时，科学引导土地开发利用，对未利用地可能的开发利用方向进行适宜性评价，研究确定开发分区，也是推动国土科技创新的重点。在此背景下，本文以河北省黄骅市为例，将未利用地做宜耕、宜建和生态风险三重评价，并结合权衡模型和遗传算法对上述三重评价进行耦合分析，确定开发分区，进而解决多开发方向之间的权衡问题，为全国未利用地开发提供示范。研究表明：1）黄骅市未利用地宜耕开发可分为4个等级，主要为不适宜级宜耕未利用地，集中在市东部沿海；2）宜建开发可分3个等级，主要为低适宜级宜建未利用地，集中分布在市中部和西部；3）生态风险区可分为5级，呈东高西低的空间格局，主要为中低和中高生态风险未利用地；4）黄骅市未利用地资源可分为耕地、建设用地、生态用地3种重点开发区，其中，耕地重点开发区主要分布在中部和西部，建设用地重点开发区主要分布在黄骅镇周围，生态用地重点开发区主要位于东部沿海。研究结果可为破解土地供需两难提供科学支持。
关键词:未利用地/
适宜性评价/
生态风险评价/
开发分区/
黄骅市
Abstract:Unutilized land is an important reserve of land resources, the study on its suitability and development modes is an important measure for sustainable land use. Also unutilized land development is an important action towards food security, economic growth and eco-civilization. It is the focus of scientific and technological innovations of land, and the guidance of development and utilization of unutilized lands to evaluate development suitability and to regionalize rationally the exploitation of unutilized lands. Huanghua City was used as a case study to evaluate the suitability of cultivation, construction and ecological risk of unutilized lands. The indexes systems were established for cultivation suitability evaluation according to land type from aspects of soil property, water resource and vegetation coverage; for construction suitability evaluation from aspects of natural quality, landform and engineering geology; and for ecological risk evaluation from aspects of salinity degree, vegetation coverage, soil thickness and waterlogging degree. The synthetical index method was used to evaluate the suitability of unutilized land for cultivation and construction and ecological risk of exploitation. A coupling model and genetic algorithm were used to evaluate triplet coupling exploitation partitions of unutilized lands. The case study was meant to provide a methodological demonstration of the development and utilization of unutilized lands in the study area and beyond. The results showed that 1) the exploitation suitability for cultivation of unutilized lands had four grades, with the largest unutilized land area belonging to the N grade (not suitable for cultivation) which was in the east of Huanghua City. 2) Construction suitability of unutilized lands had three grades, and the third grade (low suitable) had the biggest area, which concentrated in the center and west of Huanghua City. 3) There were five grades of ecological risk, with high ecological risk regions in the east of Huanghua City and low ecological risk regions in the west of the city. The main region was the middle-to-low and middle-to-high ecological risk grade. 4) The study area was divided into three key exploitation partitions, including exploitation partitions of cultivation lands, construction lands and ecological lands. The exploitation partition of cultivation lands was mainly concentrated in the center and west of the city. The exploitation partition of construction lands was mainly located in the central of Huanghua City. Then the exploitation partition of ecological lands was mainly concentrated in the east of the city. The results could provide scientific support for resolving the dilemma of land supply and demand in the study area.
Key words:Unutilized land/
Suitable evaluation/
Ecological risk evaluation/
Exploitation partition/
Huanghua City

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图1黄骅市未利用地资源宜耕性评价结果图
Figure1.Distribution of different grades of cultivation suitability of unused land in Huanghua City


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图2黄骅市未利用地资源宜建性评价结果图
Figure2.Distribution of different grades of construction suitability of unused land in Huanghua City


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图3黄骅市未利用地资源生态风险评价结果图
Figure3.Distribution of different ecological risk zones of unused land in Huanghua City


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图4黄骅市未利用地开发分区图
Figure4.Distribution of exploitation zones of unused land in Huanghua City


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表1未利用地3类利用类型的相对效益系数值
Table1.Relative efficiency coefficient values of three types of land use of unused land

未利用地利用类型 Utilization type of unused land	经济效益系数 Coefficient of economic efficiency	社会效益系数 Coefficient of social benefit	生态效益系数 Eco-efficiency coefficient
宜耕 Suitable for cultivation	0.39	1.00	0.28
宜建 Suitable for construction	1.00	0.51	0.03
宜生态 Suitable for ecology	0.18	0.29	1.00

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表2盐碱地、其他草地宜耕评价指标体系
Table2.Cultivation suitability evaluation indexes system of saline-alkali soil and other grass land

分值 Score	表土质地 Topsoil texture	土体构型 Land structure	地下水埋深 Groundwater depth (m)	地下水开采限制 Groundwater mining limit	地下水矿化度 Mineralization of groundwater (g·L-1)	土壤含盐量 Soil salt content	植被覆盖度 Vegetation coverage (%)
100	壤土 Loam	通体壤土, 壤土/砂土/壤土 Quintana loam, loam/silt/loam	> 10	无 No prohibition	0~1	无盐化 No salinization	> 70
90	砂土 Silt	壤土/砂土/砂土, 壤土/黏土/壤土 Loam/silt/silt, loam/clay/loam	5~10
80		砂土/黏土/砂土 Silt/clay/silt			1~2	轻度 Light salinization	50~70
70	黏土 Clay	黏土/砂土/砂土, 通体砂土 Clay/silt/silt, quintana silt
60		黏土/砂土/黏土, 砂土/黏土/黏土 Loam/silt/clay, silt/clay/clay	2~5	限制 Restriction		中度 Moderate salinization	30~50
50		通体黏土 Quintana stick			2~5
40							10~30
30						重度 Severe salinization
20							0~10
10					> 5
0			0~2	禁止 Prohibited
权重 Weight	0.18	0.14	0.14	0.10	0.14	0.18	0.12

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表3内陆滩涂、沿海滩涂宜耕评价指标体系
Table3.Cultivation suitability evaluation indexes system of inland and coastal beaches

分值 Score	表土质地 Topsoil texture	地下水埋深 Groundwater depth (m)	土体构型 Land structure	周边土源类型 Surrounding soil source type	土源距离 Soil source distance (m)
100	壤土Loam	> 10	通体壤土, 壤土/砂土/壤土Quintana loam, loam/ silt/loam	洪积物Diluvium	0~500
90	砂土Sandy soil	5~10	壤土/砂土/砂土, 壤土/黏土/壤土 Loam/silt/silt, loam/clay/loam
80			砂土/黏土/砂土Silt/clay/ silt		500~1000
70	黏土Clay		黏土/砂土/砂土, 通体砂土Clay/silt/silt, quintana silt
60			黏土/砂土/黏土, 砂土/黏土/黏土 Loam/silt/clay, silt/clay/clay	黄土台 Loess platform	1 000~2 000
50		2~5
40			通体黏Quintana clay
30					2 000~3 000
20					> 3 000
10
0		0~2		无No soil source
权重 Weight	0.18	0.24	0.28	0.15	0.15

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表4未利用地宜建评价指标体系
Table4.Construction suitability evaluation indexes system of unutilized land

分值 Score	地质灾害 Geological disaster	地基承载力 Bearing capacity of foundation (kPa)	淡水水源保障 Freshwater guarantee	地下水埋深 Groundwater depth (m)	距要道距离 Distance to artery (m)	洪涝程度 Flood degree
100	低易发区 Low-prone area		充分满足 Sufficient satisfaction	> 3	0~500	标高高于设防洪水位≥1.0 m Elevation is 1.0 m above the flood control level.
90			满足 Satisfaction
80		坚硬 Hard			500~1 000
70				2~3		标高高于设防洪水位0~1.0 m Elevation is 0-1.0 m above the flood control level.
60	中易发区 Middle prone area	较硬 Relatively hard			1 000~1 500
50			基本满足 Basic satisfaction
40		较软 Relatively soft		1~2		标高低于设防洪水位0~1.5 m Elevation is 0-1.5 m below the flood control level.
30					1 500~2 000
20	高易发区 High-prone area	极软 Very soft	缺乏 Lack		> 2 000
10				< 1
权重 Weight	0.17	0.15	0.14	0.21	0.12	0.21
??地质灾害由《黄骅市地质灾害防治“十二五”规划分区图》矢量化获得; 地基承载力参考《河北省建筑地基承载力技术规程》DB(J)/T48—2005中关于不同物质构成确定对应承载力获得; 距要道距离反映了交通便利度。Geological disaster is the vectorization of “Zone Map of the Geological Disaster Control in the 12th Five-Year Plan of Huanghua City”; Bearing capacity of foundation refers to the bearing capacity of different materials in “Technical Regulations of Bearing Capacity of Foundation of Buildings in Hebei Province” DB(J)/T48—2005. Distance to main road shows traffic conveniences.

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表5未利用土地开发生态风险评价指标体系
Table5.Ecological risk evaluation indexes system of utilization of unused land

盐渍程度 Salinity degree			植被覆盖度 Vegetation coverage			土层厚度 Soil thickness			沥涝程度 Waterlogging degree
分值 Score	分级标准 Grading standard		分值 Score	分级标准 Grading standard		分值 Score	分级标准 Grading standard		分值 Score	分级标准 Grading standard
20	轻度盐碱, 土壤含盐量 < 0.2% Light salinization with soil salt content less than 0.2%		10	> 70%		20	> 1 m		20	降雨强度 > 30 mm·h-1, 排水体系健全, 降雨后有短期洪涝 Rainfall intensity is > 30 mm·h-1, or with perfect drainage system and short-term floods after rainfall
40	中度盐碱, 土壤含盐量0.2%~0.4% Moderate salinization with 0.2%-0.4% soil salt content		30	50%~70%		40	0.6~1.0 m		40	降雨强度为20-30 mm·h-1, 排水体系基本健全, 丰年大雨后田面积水2~3 d。 Rainfall intensity is 20-30 mm·h-1, or with basically perfect drainage system, and field ponding for 2-3 days after heavy rain in bumper harvest year
60	重度盐碱, 土壤含盐量0.4%~0.6% Severe salinization with 0.4%-0.6% soil salt content		50	30%~50%		60	0.3~0.6 m		60	降雨强度 < 20 mm·h-1, 基本无排水体系, 一般大雨后田面积水 > 3 d Rainfall intensity is lower than 20 mm·h-1, without drainage system, and field ponding for more than 3 days after heavy rain in general year
80	盐土, 土壤含盐量 > 0.6% Saline soil with soil salt content above 0.6%		70	10%~30%		80	< 0.3 m		80
			90	< 10%
权重 Weight	0.3			0.25			0.2			0.25

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表6黄骅市各地类未利用地资源的宜耕性评价结果
Table6.Cultivation suitability of each type of unused land in Huanghua City

未利用地类型 Type of unused land	高适宜级 High suitable grade			中适宜级 Moderate suitable grade			低适宜级 Low suitable grade			不适宜级 No suitable grade			总计 Total
	面积 Area (hm2)	比例 Proportion (%)		面积 Area (hm2)	比例 Proportion (%)		面积 Area (hm2)	比例 Proportion (%)		面积 Area (hm2)	比例 Proportion (%)		面积 Area (hm2)	比例 Proportion (%)
内陆滩涂 Inland beach	4 306.79	19.10		0.00	0.00		2 504.34	43.16		0.00	0.00		6 811.13	10.23
其他草地 Other grass land	926.39	4.11		1 330.66	10.27		375.56	6.47		73.71	0.29		2 706.32	4.06
沿海滩涂 Coastal beach	0.00	0.00		0.00	0.00		0.00	0.00		22 997.43	90.97		22 997.43	34.54
盐碱地 Saline land	17 319.16	76.80		11 624.76	89.73		2 921.92	50.36		2 209.81	8.74		34 075.65	51.17
总计Total	22 552.34	100.00		12 955.43	100.00		5 801.81	100.00		25 280.95	100.00		66 590.53	100.00

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表7黄骅市各地类未利用地资源类型宜建评价结果
Table7.Construction suitability of each type of unused land in Huanghua City

未利用地类型 Type of unused land	高适宜级 High suitable grade			中适宜级 Moderate suitable grade			低适宜级 Low suitable grade			总计 Total
	面积 Area (hm2)	比例 Proportion (%)		面积 Area (hm2)	比例 Proportion (%)		面积 Area (hm2)	比例 Proportion (%)		面积 Area (hm2)	比例 Proportion (%)
内陆滩涂 Inland beach	0.00	0.00		0.00	0.00		6 811.13	14.16		6 811.13	10.23
其他草地 Other grass land	0.00	0.00		192.01	39.35		2 514.31	5.23		2 706.32	4.06
沿海滩涂 Coastal beach	0.00	0.00		0.00	0.00		22 997.43	47.80		22 997.43	34.54
盐碱地 Saline land	17 996.17	100.00		295.94	60.65		15 783.54	32.81		34 075.65	51.17
总计Total	17 996.17	100.00		487.95	100.00		48 106.41	100.00		66 590.53	100.00

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表8黄骅市各地类未利用地资源生态风险评价结果
Table8.Ecological risk of each type of unused land in Huanghua City

未利用地类型 Type of unused land	低生态风险区 Low ecological risk zone			中低生态风险区 Middle and low ecological risk zone			中生态风险区 Middle ecological risk zone			中高生态风险区 Middle and high ecological risk zone			高生态风险区 High ecological risk zone
	面积 Area (hm2)	比例 Proportion (%)		面积 Area (hm2)	比例 Proportion (%)		面积 Area (hm2)	比例 Proportion (%)		面积 Area (hm2)	比例 Proportion (%)		面积 Area (hm2)	比例 Proportion (%)
内陆滩涂 Inland beach	0.00	0.00		1 001.25	4.90		2 482.63	19.41		2 468.42	13.27		858.83	67.98
其他草地 Other grass land	525.29	3.89		1 304.48	6.38		876.55	6.85		0.00	0.00		0.00	0.00
沿海滩涂 Coastal beach	0.00	0.00		0.00	0.00		7 305.36	57.11		15 287.57	82.20		404.50	32.02
盐碱地 Saline land	12 980.65	96.11		18 127.00	88.72		2 126.63	16.63		841.38	4.52		0.00	0.00
总计Total	13 505.94	100.00		20 432.73	100.00		12 791.17	100.00		18 597.37	100.00		1 263.33	100.00

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表9黄骅市各乡镇未利用地开发分区结果
Table9.Regionalization results of exploitation of unused land in Huanghua City

hm2
乡镇 Town	耕地开发区 Cultivation zone	建设用地开发区 Construction zone	生态用地开发区 Ecological zone
常郭镇 Changguo Town	936.29	0.00	853.89
官庄乡 Guanzhuang Village	429.77	0.00	87.97
中捷农场 Zhongjie Farm	2 902.78	150.39	4 345.19
黄骅镇 Huanghua Town	811.32	2 439.96	834.42
旧城镇 Jiucheng Town	1 400.46	20.58	1 236.79
吕桥镇 Lüqiao Town	900.00	0.00	3 310.40
南大港管理区 Nandagang Administrative Zone	2 225.04	491.06	3 522.01
南排河镇 Nanpaihe Town	148.68	200.93	15 986.46
齐家务乡 Qijiawu Village	1 223.95	131.33	456.43
滕庄子乡 Tengzhuangzi Village	2 260.43	144.71	2 017.85
新村回族乡 Xincun Village	0.00	0.00	8 030.46
羊二庄镇 Yang’erzhuang Town	3 830.44	0.00	2 535.17
羊三木乡 Yangsanmu Village	2 036.43	0.00	688.94

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