Abstract Since the industrial revolution, marine ecosystems have faced unprecedented stress caused by increasing temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration as a result of anthropogenic activities. In this review, we analyzed the domestic and international research status about impacts of global change on marine ecosystems by bibliometrics, briefly introduced the history of the research on marine ecosystems under global change, and reviewed the main progress in studies about the effects of global change on key processes of marine primary production, focusing on the impacts of ocean warming, ocean acidification, and eutrophication and hypoxia. We also summarized the major issues in current studies and proposed future research directions in the field. Keywords：marine ecosystem;primary production process;ocean warming;ocean acidification;eutrophication and hypoxia
新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图11981-2018年发表的与“全球变化对海洋生态系统的影响”相关的SCI论文数。查询数据库: Web of Science; 查询关键词: TI = ((climate AND change) AND (marine OR ocean OR coast OR sea OR estuary))或TI = ((global AND warming) AND (marine OR ocean OR coast OR sea OR estuary))或TI = ((ocean AND acidification) AND (marine OR ocean OR coast OR sea OR estuary))或TI = ((eutrophication AND hypoxia) AND (marine OR ocean OR coast OR sea OR estuary))。
Fig. 1Number of SCI papers published between 1981 and 2018 related to “the impacts of global change on marine ecosystems”. Database: Web of Science; Key words: TI = ((climate AND change) AND (marine OR ocean OR coast OR sea OR estuary)) or TI = ((global AND warming) AND (marine OR ocean OR coast OR sea OR estuary)) or TI = ((ocean AND acidification) AND (marine OR ocean OR coast OR sea OR estuary)) or TI = ((eutrophication AND hypoxia) AND (marine OR ocean OR coast OR sea OR estuary)).
Fig. 2Top 10 countries for SCI papers published between 1981 and 2018 related to “the impacts of global change on marine ecosystems”.
图3
新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT 图31981-2018年发表的与“全球变暖、海洋酸化和富营养化对海洋生态系统的影响”相关的SCI论文数。A, 国际发展态势。B, 中国发展态势。查询数据库: Web of Science; 查询关键词: TI = (climate AND warming) AND (marine OR ocean OR coast OR sea OR estuary), 或TI = (global AND warming) AND (marine OR ocean OR coast OR sea OR estuary); TI = (ocean AND acidification) AND (marine OR ocean OR coast OR sea OR estuary); TI = Eutrophication* AND (marine OR ocean OR coast OR sea OR estuary), 或TI = Hypoxia* AND (marine OR ocean OR coast OR sea OR estuary)) , 或TI = Deoxygenation* AND (marine OR ocean OR coast OR sea OR estuary)。
Fig. 3Number of SCI papers published between 1981 and 2018 related to “the impacts of ocean warming, ocean acidification and eutrophication and hypoxia on marine ecosystems”. A, Development trend of internation. B, Development trend of China. Database: Web of Science; Key wards: TI = (climate AND warming) AND (marine OR ocean OR coast OR sea OR estuary), or TI = (global AND warming) AND (marine OR ocean OR coast OR sea OR estuary); TI = (ocean AND acidification) AND (marine OR ocean OR coast OR sea OR estuary); TI = Eutrophication* AND (marine OR ocean OR coast OR sea OR estuary), or TI = Hypoxia* AND (marine OR ocean OR coast OR sea OR estuary)) , or TI = Deoxygenation* AND (marine OR ocean OR coast OR sea OR estuary).
Fig. 4Top 10 countries for SCI papers published between 1981 and 2018 related to “the impacts of ocean warming, ocean acidification and eutrophication and hypoxia on marine ecosystems”.
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The diversity and coevolution of Rubisco, plastids, pyrenoids, and chloroplast- based CO2-concentrating mechanisms in algae 1 1998
... 当前, 表层海水中CO2的浓度为10-20 μmol·L-1 (Badger et al., 1998), 低于绝大多数浮游植物中催化固碳反应的关键酶——核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(RubisCO)的半饱和常数.因此, 大多数浮游植物依赖于耗能的CO2浓缩机制(CO2-concentrating mechanism, CCM)以提高胞内RubisCO周围CO2的浓度(Reinfelder, 2011).已有研究表明, 酸化条件下, CO2浓度升高可使CCM下调, 节省能量, 从而对部分浮游植物的生长具有不同程度的促进作用(Riebesell et al., 1993; Mackey et al., 2015).除了CO2浓度升高, 随之降低的海水pH则同样可能对浮游植物产生直接或间接的影响.例如, 近期我国****对海洋优势固氮蓝藻束毛藻(Trichodesmium)开展的研究表明, 海水pH下降导致其固氮酶效率降低, 干扰胞内pH稳态, 影响细胞产能, 且该负效应大于CO2浓度升高所产生的正效应, 故酸化的净效应为抑制束毛藻的固氮作用(Hong et al., 2017).此外, 海水pH下降还可能改变浮游植物对铁、磷等关键营养元素的利用(Shi et al., 2010; McQuaid et al., 2018), 从而间接影响浮游植物生长.除了光合作用和固氮作用外, 海水酸化还会对颗石藻、有孔虫类、珊瑚等钙化生物的钙化作用产生负面影响(Riebesell et al., 2000; Cao & Caldeira, 2008; Hofmann et al., 2010; Kroeker et al., 2013).对于海洋软体动物、棘皮动物、甲壳动物及鱼类等生物而言, 海洋酸化不仅会降低其幼体发育速度和个体大小(Ross et al., 2011), 还会降低部分生物类群的呼吸速率, 扰乱生物体内酸碱平衡, 影响其生长与繁殖(Ishimatsu et al., 2004; P?rtner & Langenbuch, 2005).海洋酸化对生物个体的影响会进一步体现在对海洋生态系统和海洋生物地球化学循环的影响.Riebesell等(2007)通过开展中尺度生态系统(mesocosm) CO2加富实验发现, 与350 mg·kg-1相比, 1 050 mg·kg-1 CO2浓度下的浮游植物群落在12天内多消耗了39%的无机碳, 且浮游植物的C:N从6升高到8, 这一方面将有利于提高生物碳泵的效率, 但另一方面C:N的增加会降低有机物的营养价值, 影响细菌降解与浮游植物繁殖, 改变海洋生态系统的动力学. 此外, 酸化与光辐射(Suggett et al., 2013; Shi et al., 2015; Kleynhans et al., 2016)以及酸化与暖化(P?rtner, 2008; Mayor et al., 2012; Kroeker et al., 2013)之间的耦合作用, 也会从个体、种群、群落等不同水平上对海洋生态系统产生影响. ...
Interannual variability of oceanic CO2 and biogeochemical properties in the Western North Atlantic subtropical gyre 1 2001
... 暖化的海水对生物的影响因种而异.对于大多数浮游植物而言, 在适温范围内, 海水暖化会促进其生长(Eppley, 1972), 但不同浮游植物对温度变化的响应程度不同, 因此全球暖化下浮游植物的生态位将发生改变(Xiao et al., 2018).然而, 对于大多数海洋动物, 暖化将在增加其体内代谢活性的同时加快其能量的消耗, 从而可能导致海洋生物自身生长与繁殖能力的下降(P?rtner & Knust, 2007).这些个体生理生化过程的变化会进一步改变种群的大小、时空分布格局与营养级水平, 最终引起群落结构与功能的改变(Bruno et al., 2003; Hyrenbach & Veit, 2003).从海洋生态系统的层面上来看, 全球变暖会改变海洋的初级生产力, 影响生态系统的稳定性.近期我国科学家采用模型估算发现, 1948-2007年, 全球气候变暖导致海洋水体层化加剧, 使得北大西洋、北太平洋和印度洋初级生产力分别降低了40%、24%和25% (Wang et al., 2017).倘若暖化现象一直持续, 到2100年, 海洋初级生产力将可能进一步减少20% (Steinacher et al., 2010).此外, 已有研究表明, 海水温度升高1 ℃, 珊瑚即会出现白化现象(Hoegh- Guldberg et al., 2007), 这会导致珊瑚礁生态系统多样性降低, 严重时会引发珊瑚礁系统的崩溃(Donner, 2009).海水暖化除了通过温度增加而对海洋生态系统产生直接影响外, 还会造成海洋层化加剧、缺氧区扩增等, 从而间接地对海洋生态系统产生一系列影响(Keeling et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2017). ...
Adaptation to elevated CO2 in different biodiversity contexts 1 2016
... 当前, 表层海水中CO2的浓度为10-20 μmol·L-1 (Badger et al., 1998), 低于绝大多数浮游植物中催化固碳反应的关键酶——核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(RubisCO)的半饱和常数.因此, 大多数浮游植物依赖于耗能的CO2浓缩机制(CO2-concentrating mechanism, CCM)以提高胞内RubisCO周围CO2的浓度(Reinfelder, 2011).已有研究表明, 酸化条件下, CO2浓度升高可使CCM下调, 节省能量, 从而对部分浮游植物的生长具有不同程度的促进作用(Riebesell et al., 1993; Mackey et al., 2015).除了CO2浓度升高, 随之降低的海水pH则同样可能对浮游植物产生直接或间接的影响.例如, 近期我国****对海洋优势固氮蓝藻束毛藻(Trichodesmium)开展的研究表明, 海水pH下降导致其固氮酶效率降低, 干扰胞内pH稳态, 影响细胞产能, 且该负效应大于CO2浓度升高所产生的正效应, 故酸化的净效应为抑制束毛藻的固氮作用(Hong et al., 2017).此外, 海水pH下降还可能改变浮游植物对铁、磷等关键营养元素的利用(Shi et al., 2010; McQuaid et al., 2018), 从而间接影响浮游植物生长.除了光合作用和固氮作用外, 海水酸化还会对颗石藻、有孔虫类、珊瑚等钙化生物的钙化作用产生负面影响(Riebesell et al., 2000; Cao & Caldeira, 2008; Hofmann et al., 2010; Kroeker et al., 2013).对于海洋软体动物、棘皮动物、甲壳动物及鱼类等生物而言, 海洋酸化不仅会降低其幼体发育速度和个体大小(Ross et al., 2011), 还会降低部分生物类群的呼吸速率, 扰乱生物体内酸碱平衡, 影响其生长与繁殖(Ishimatsu et al., 2004; P?rtner & Langenbuch, 2005).海洋酸化对生物个体的影响会进一步体现在对海洋生态系统和海洋生物地球化学循环的影响.Riebesell等(2007)通过开展中尺度生态系统(mesocosm) CO2加富实验发现, 与350 mg·kg-1相比, 1 050 mg·kg-1 CO2浓度下的浮游植物群落在12天内多消耗了39%的无机碳, 且浮游植物的C:N从6升高到8, 这一方面将有利于提高生物碳泵的效率, 但另一方面C:N的增加会降低有机物的营养价值, 影响细菌降解与浮游植物繁殖, 改变海洋生态系统的动力学. 此外, 酸化与光辐射(Suggett et al., 2013; Shi et al., 2015; Kleynhans et al., 2016)以及酸化与暖化(P?rtner, 2008; Mayor et al., 2012; Kroeker et al., 2013)之间的耦合作用, 也会从个体、种群、群落等不同水平上对海洋生态系统产生影响. ...
Impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms: quantifying sensitivities and interaction with warming 2 2013
... 当前, 表层海水中CO2的浓度为10-20 μmol·L-1 (Badger et al., 1998), 低于绝大多数浮游植物中催化固碳反应的关键酶——核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(RubisCO)的半饱和常数.因此, 大多数浮游植物依赖于耗能的CO2浓缩机制(CO2-concentrating mechanism, CCM)以提高胞内RubisCO周围CO2的浓度(Reinfelder, 2011).已有研究表明, 酸化条件下, CO2浓度升高可使CCM下调, 节省能量, 从而对部分浮游植物的生长具有不同程度的促进作用(Riebesell et al., 1993; Mackey et al., 2015).除了CO2浓度升高, 随之降低的海水pH则同样可能对浮游植物产生直接或间接的影响.例如, 近期我国****对海洋优势固氮蓝藻束毛藻(Trichodesmium)开展的研究表明, 海水pH下降导致其固氮酶效率降低, 干扰胞内pH稳态, 影响细胞产能, 且该负效应大于CO2浓度升高所产生的正效应, 故酸化的净效应为抑制束毛藻的固氮作用(Hong et al., 2017).此外, 海水pH下降还可能改变浮游植物对铁、磷等关键营养元素的利用(Shi et al., 2010; McQuaid et al., 2018), 从而间接影响浮游植物生长.除了光合作用和固氮作用外, 海水酸化还会对颗石藻、有孔虫类、珊瑚等钙化生物的钙化作用产生负面影响(Riebesell et al., 2000; Cao & Caldeira, 2008; Hofmann et al., 2010; Kroeker et al., 2013).对于海洋软体动物、棘皮动物、甲壳动物及鱼类等生物而言, 海洋酸化不仅会降低其幼体发育速度和个体大小(Ross et al., 2011), 还会降低部分生物类群的呼吸速率, 扰乱生物体内酸碱平衡, 影响其生长与繁殖(Ishimatsu et al., 2004; P?rtner & Langenbuch, 2005).海洋酸化对生物个体的影响会进一步体现在对海洋生态系统和海洋生物地球化学循环的影响.Riebesell等(2007)通过开展中尺度生态系统(mesocosm) CO2加富实验发现, 与350 mg·kg-1相比, 1 050 mg·kg-1 CO2浓度下的浮游植物群落在12天内多消耗了39%的无机碳, 且浮游植物的C:N从6升高到8, 这一方面将有利于提高生物碳泵的效率, 但另一方面C:N的增加会降低有机物的营养价值, 影响细菌降解与浮游植物繁殖, 改变海洋生态系统的动力学. 此外, 酸化与光辐射(Suggett et al., 2013; Shi et al., 2015; Kleynhans et al., 2016)以及酸化与暖化(P?rtner, 2008; Mayor et al., 2012; Kroeker et al., 2013)之间的耦合作用, 也会从个体、种群、群落等不同水平上对海洋生态系统产生影响. ...
... ; Kroeker et al., 2013)之间的耦合作用, 也会从个体、种群、群落等不同水平上对海洋生态系统产生影响. ...
Response of photosynthesis to ocean acidification 1 2015
... 当前, 表层海水中CO2的浓度为10-20 μmol·L-1 (Badger et al., 1998), 低于绝大多数浮游植物中催化固碳反应的关键酶——核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(RubisCO)的半饱和常数.因此, 大多数浮游植物依赖于耗能的CO2浓缩机制(CO2-concentrating mechanism, CCM)以提高胞内RubisCO周围CO2的浓度(Reinfelder, 2011).已有研究表明, 酸化条件下, CO2浓度升高可使CCM下调, 节省能量, 从而对部分浮游植物的生长具有不同程度的促进作用(Riebesell et al., 1993; Mackey et al., 2015).除了CO2浓度升高, 随之降低的海水pH则同样可能对浮游植物产生直接或间接的影响.例如, 近期我国****对海洋优势固氮蓝藻束毛藻(Trichodesmium)开展的研究表明, 海水pH下降导致其固氮酶效率降低, 干扰胞内pH稳态, 影响细胞产能, 且该负效应大于CO2浓度升高所产生的正效应, 故酸化的净效应为抑制束毛藻的固氮作用(Hong et al., 2017).此外, 海水pH下降还可能改变浮游植物对铁、磷等关键营养元素的利用(Shi et al., 2010; McQuaid et al., 2018), 从而间接影响浮游植物生长.除了光合作用和固氮作用外, 海水酸化还会对颗石藻、有孔虫类、珊瑚等钙化生物的钙化作用产生负面影响(Riebesell et al., 2000; Cao & Caldeira, 2008; Hofmann et al., 2010; Kroeker et al., 2013).对于海洋软体动物、棘皮动物、甲壳动物及鱼类等生物而言, 海洋酸化不仅会降低其幼体发育速度和个体大小(Ross et al., 2011), 还会降低部分生物类群的呼吸速率, 扰乱生物体内酸碱平衡, 影响其生长与繁殖(Ishimatsu et al., 2004; P?rtner & Langenbuch, 2005).海洋酸化对生物个体的影响会进一步体现在对海洋生态系统和海洋生物地球化学循环的影响.Riebesell等(2007)通过开展中尺度生态系统(mesocosm) CO2加富实验发现, 与350 mg·kg-1相比, 1 050 mg·kg-1 CO2浓度下的浮游植物群落在12天内多消耗了39%的无机碳, 且浮游植物的C:N从6升高到8, 这一方面将有利于提高生物碳泵的效率, 但另一方面C:N的增加会降低有机物的营养价值, 影响细菌降解与浮游植物繁殖, 改变海洋生态系统的动力学. 此外, 酸化与光辐射(Suggett et al., 2013; Shi et al., 2015; Kleynhans et al., 2016)以及酸化与暖化(P?rtner, 2008; Mayor et al., 2012; Kroeker et al., 2013)之间的耦合作用, 也会从个体、种群、群落等不同水平上对海洋生态系统产生影响. ...
End of century ocean warming and acidification effects on reproductive success in a temperate marine copepod 1 2012
... 当前, 表层海水中CO2的浓度为10-20 μmol·L-1 (Badger et al., 1998), 低于绝大多数浮游植物中催化固碳反应的关键酶——核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(RubisCO)的半饱和常数.因此, 大多数浮游植物依赖于耗能的CO2浓缩机制(CO2-concentrating mechanism, CCM)以提高胞内RubisCO周围CO2的浓度(Reinfelder, 2011).已有研究表明, 酸化条件下, CO2浓度升高可使CCM下调, 节省能量, 从而对部分浮游植物的生长具有不同程度的促进作用(Riebesell et al., 1993; Mackey et al., 2015).除了CO2浓度升高, 随之降低的海水pH则同样可能对浮游植物产生直接或间接的影响.例如, 近期我国****对海洋优势固氮蓝藻束毛藻(Trichodesmium)开展的研究表明, 海水pH下降导致其固氮酶效率降低, 干扰胞内pH稳态, 影响细胞产能, 且该负效应大于CO2浓度升高所产生的正效应, 故酸化的净效应为抑制束毛藻的固氮作用(Hong et al., 2017).此外, 海水pH下降还可能改变浮游植物对铁、磷等关键营养元素的利用(Shi et al., 2010; McQuaid et al., 2018), 从而间接影响浮游植物生长.除了光合作用和固氮作用外, 海水酸化还会对颗石藻、有孔虫类、珊瑚等钙化生物的钙化作用产生负面影响(Riebesell et al., 2000; Cao & Caldeira, 2008; Hofmann et al., 2010; Kroeker et al., 2013).对于海洋软体动物、棘皮动物、甲壳动物及鱼类等生物而言, 海洋酸化不仅会降低其幼体发育速度和个体大小(Ross et al., 2011), 还会降低部分生物类群的呼吸速率, 扰乱生物体内酸碱平衡, 影响其生长与繁殖(Ishimatsu et al., 2004; P?rtner & Langenbuch, 2005).海洋酸化对生物个体的影响会进一步体现在对海洋生态系统和海洋生物地球化学循环的影响.Riebesell等(2007)通过开展中尺度生态系统(mesocosm) CO2加富实验发现, 与350 mg·kg-1相比, 1 050 mg·kg-1 CO2浓度下的浮游植物群落在12天内多消耗了39%的无机碳, 且浮游植物的C:N从6升高到8, 这一方面将有利于提高生物碳泵的效率, 但另一方面C:N的增加会降低有机物的营养价值, 影响细菌降解与浮游植物繁殖, 改变海洋生态系统的动力学. 此外, 酸化与光辐射(Suggett et al., 2013; Shi et al., 2015; Kleynhans et al., 2016)以及酸化与暖化(P?rtner, 2008; Mayor et al., 2012; Kroeker et al., 2013)之间的耦合作用, 也会从个体、种群、群落等不同水平上对海洋生态系统产生影响. ...
Carbonate-sensitive phytotransferrin controls high-affinity iron uptake in diatoms 1 2018
... 当前, 表层海水中CO2的浓度为10-20 μmol·L-1 (Badger et al., 1998), 低于绝大多数浮游植物中催化固碳反应的关键酶——核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(RubisCO)的半饱和常数.因此, 大多数浮游植物依赖于耗能的CO2浓缩机制(CO2-concentrating mechanism, CCM)以提高胞内RubisCO周围CO2的浓度(Reinfelder, 2011).已有研究表明, 酸化条件下, CO2浓度升高可使CCM下调, 节省能量, 从而对部分浮游植物的生长具有不同程度的促进作用(Riebesell et al., 1993; Mackey et al., 2015).除了CO2浓度升高, 随之降低的海水pH则同样可能对浮游植物产生直接或间接的影响.例如, 近期我国****对海洋优势固氮蓝藻束毛藻(Trichodesmium)开展的研究表明, 海水pH下降导致其固氮酶效率降低, 干扰胞内pH稳态, 影响细胞产能, 且该负效应大于CO2浓度升高所产生的正效应, 故酸化的净效应为抑制束毛藻的固氮作用(Hong et al., 2017).此外, 海水pH下降还可能改变浮游植物对铁、磷等关键营养元素的利用(Shi et al., 2010; McQuaid et al., 2018), 从而间接影响浮游植物生长.除了光合作用和固氮作用外, 海水酸化还会对颗石藻、有孔虫类、珊瑚等钙化生物的钙化作用产生负面影响(Riebesell et al., 2000; Cao & Caldeira, 2008; Hofmann et al., 2010; Kroeker et al., 2013).对于海洋软体动物、棘皮动物、甲壳动物及鱼类等生物而言, 海洋酸化不仅会降低其幼体发育速度和个体大小(Ross et al., 2011), 还会降低部分生物类群的呼吸速率, 扰乱生物体内酸碱平衡, 影响其生长与繁殖(Ishimatsu et al., 2004; P?rtner & Langenbuch, 2005).海洋酸化对生物个体的影响会进一步体现在对海洋生态系统和海洋生物地球化学循环的影响.Riebesell等(2007)通过开展中尺度生态系统(mesocosm) CO2加富实验发现, 与350 mg·kg-1相比, 1 050 mg·kg-1 CO2浓度下的浮游植物群落在12天内多消耗了39%的无机碳, 且浮游植物的C:N从6升高到8, 这一方面将有利于提高生物碳泵的效率, 但另一方面C:N的增加会降低有机物的营养价值, 影响细菌降解与浮游植物繁殖, 改变海洋生态系统的动力学. 此外, 酸化与光辐射(Suggett et al., 2013; Shi et al., 2015; Kleynhans et al., 2016)以及酸化与暖化(P?rtner, 2008; Mayor et al., 2012; Kroeker et al., 2013)之间的耦合作用, 也会从个体、种群、群落等不同水平上对海洋生态系统产生影响. ...
On the effects of alkalies and acids, and of alkaline and acid salts, upon growth and cell division in the fertilized eggs of Echinus esculentus —A study in relationship to the causation of malignant disease 1 1906
,*厦门大学近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室, 福建厦门 361102
新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT
新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT
新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT
新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT
