Selection of PMS Rice Varieties and Application in Flooding Irrigation for Cadmium Reduction
ZENG XiaoShan,1, TANG GuoHua1, XIE HongJun1, ZHU MingDong1, AO HeJun2, CHEN Bo1,2, LI FangTing1,2, HAO Ming3, XIAO Yan1, FU HuiRong1, ZHANG Jian,4, YU YingHong,11Hunan Rice Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Indica Rice Genetics and Breeding in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125 2Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128 3Huaihua Polytechnic College, Huaihua 418099, Hunan 4China National Rice Research Institute/State Key Lab of Rice Biology, Hangzhou 311400
Abstract 【Objective】 With the extension of mechanization and large-scale rice production mode, late harvest of rice grains brought by improper weather, conflicts in using mechanics and drying facilities usually gives rise to severe yield loss and quality deterioration, which has been deeply concerned by the farmers and greatly challenged the middle and late rice production in China. On the other hand, cadmium accumulation in rice grains has become a top food safety issue for breeders and producers. Flooding irrigation can effectively reduce cadmium content in rice. This research aims to select PMS (post-maturation sustainability) and low cadmium accumulation rice varieties by continuous flooding irrigation treatment. We expect to establish an effective evaluation system for PMS, select and utilize rice varieties with both PMS and low cadmium accumulation for production and research. 【Method】 Continual flooding irrigation were carried out in the experimental field during booting stage to yellow ripening stage in 2018. The mature plant lodging, seed dormancy and grain shattering of the 244 materials from China were evaluated through field observation and data investigation after ripening. The appraisal time and value of PMS rice varieties were defined using significant analysis. The 1000-grain weight, milling quality, appearance quality, gelatinization temperature, gel consistency and amylose content were tested for PMS rice. In 2019, 132 rice varieties promoting in Hunan were evaluated and identified using the appraisal time and value of post-harvest lodging. 1000-grain-weight were investigated between flooding and dry-wet alternate irrigation. The yield and effect of cadmium accumulation reduction of PMS rice varieties were tested in demonstration paddy field. 【Result】 The threshold for PMS was optimized as follows: lodging resistance is defined as the angle between rice stalk and vertical inclination <45° at the 14th day after maturity; rice shattering <5.0% at 7 days after maturity; and spike germination rate <10.0% at the same day of maturity. 21 PMS rice varieties were obtained in 2019. No significant difference existed in 1000-grain weight between flooding and dry-wet alternate irrigation, and also in yield in demonstration paddy field. The cadmium content of brown rice in flooding irrigation was lower than 0.20 mg·kg -1, which is significantly lower than that of dry-wet alternate irrigation management. 【Conclusion】 PMS rice varieties can withstand long-term flooding irrigation. There is no significant effect on yield and quality in delayed harvest after maturity. Application of PMS rice varieties in mild and moderate-level cadmium contaminated paddy, safety production can be realized in combination with flooding irrigation. Keywords:rice;PMS;flooding irrigation;safety production
PDF (534KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 曾晓珊, 汤国华, 谢红军, 朱明东, 敖和军, 陈博, 李方婷, 郝明, 肖燕, 符慧荣, 张健, 余应弘. 耐迟收水稻品种的筛选及其在淹水降镉中的应用. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(17): 3561-3572 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.17.001 ZENG XiaoShan, TANG GuoHua, XIE HongJun, ZHU MingDong, AO HeJun, CHEN Bo, LI FangTing, HAO Ming, XIAO Yan, FU HuiRong, ZHANG Jian, YU YingHong. Selection of PMS Rice Varieties and Application in Flooding Irrigation for Cadmium Reduction. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(17): 3561-3572 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.17.001
Table 1 表1 表12018年不同收获时间落粒率比较 Table 1Grain percentage of several harvest-time in 2018
组别 Group
成熟后天数Days after mature (d)
0
7
14
21
中稻迟熟Late-maturing middle-season (%)
5.75cA
6.68bcB
7.88abA
8.46aA
一季晚稻Single-cropping late rice (%)
4.83bB
7.95aA
7.29aB
7.34aB
晚稻迟熟Late-maturing late rice (%)
5.36bA
6.74abB
7.33aAB
6.31abC
晚稻中熟Middle-maturing late rice (%)
5.42bA
7.14aB
7.51aA
7.35aB
平均Mean (%)
5.34b
7.13a
7.50 a
7.37 a
不同小写字母表示同一熟组不同成熟后天数间差异达显著水平(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示同一成熟后天数不同熟组间差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。下同 Different lowercase letters in same line indicate significant differences in days after mature of the same ripening group (P<0.05), and different uppercase letters in same column indicate significant differences in ripening group in the same days after mature ripe (P<0.05). The same as below
Table 6 表6 表62019年PMS水稻品种机收测产 Table 6Yield of PMS rice varieties by mechanical harvest in 2019
品种 Variety
灌溉管理 Irrigation management
实测面积 Area (m2)
实收毛谷重量 Grain weight (kg)
实测含水量 Water content (%)
折合产量 Yield (t·hm-2)
桃优香占 Taoyouxiangzhan
干-湿交替Dry-wet
479.78
364.10
22.77
6.78
淹水Flooding
572.70
472.60
24.57
7.20 NS
玖两优黄华占 Jiuliangyouhuanghuazhan
干-湿交替Dry-wet
579.80
506.80
22.23
7.76
淹水Flooding
470.29
409.10
24.83
7.56NS
NS:同一品种的淹水与干-湿交替之间的差异未达显著水平(P<0.05) NS: Indicated the difference of cadmium content between flood and dry-wet management was not significant level (P<0.05)
Table 7 表7 表72019年PMS水稻品种示范点稻米镉含量 Table 7Cadmium content of PMS rice varieties in demonstration paddy field in 2019
地点 Site
土壤pH Soil pH
土壤镉含量 Soil cadmium content (mg·kg-1)
播种期 Seeding time (M/D)
品种 Variety
灌溉管理 Irrigation management
淹水Flooding
干-湿交替Dry-wet
双江口镇 Shuangjiangkou
5.3—6.9
0.21—0.46
06/04
桃优香占Taoyouxiangzhan
0.05*
0.33
玖两优黄华占Jiuliangyouhuanghuazhan
0.01**
0.26
农香42 NongXiang42
0.09*
0.79
新市镇 Xinshi
5.0—5.2
0.35—0.41
06/20
桃优香占Taoyouxiangzhan
0.06*
0.49
玖两优黄华占Jiuliangyouhuanghuazhan
0.03**
0.49
农香42Nongxiang42
0.05*
0.35
青山桥镇 Qingshanqiao
5.0—6.6
0.40—0.62
06/10
桃优香占Taoyouxiangzhan
<0.01**
0.34
玖两优黄华占Jiuliangyouhuanghuazhan
<0.01**
0.33
农香42 Nongxiang42
<0.01**
0.44
*表示同一行数据淹水管理与干-湿交替之间的镉含量差异达显著水平(P<0.05),**表示达极显著水平(P<0.01) *indicated the difference of cadmium content between flood and dry-wet management was significant level (P<0.05), and ** was extremely significant level (P<0.01)
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