Response of Alfalfa Production and Quality to Fertilization and Cutting Frequency and Benefit Analysis in Mollisol Agricultural Area in Cold Region
GONG Hao, YANG Liu, LI DanDan, LIU GuoFu, XIAO ZhiXin, WU QingYing, CUI GuoWen,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030
Abstract 【Background】 The climate in the Mollisol area of Northeast China is cold and the growth period is short in the past, alfalfa was planted in degraded grassland or low-yield fields. In order to ensure safe wintering, it is generally only castrated three times a year. Under the background of “grain to feed”, the soil quality of the cultivated land in the Mollisol agricultural area in cold region is relatively fertile, and the field management is relatively standardized. 【Objective】 The purpose of this experiment is to explore the feasibility of alfalfa cutting four times a year under the condition of reasonable fertilization in the Mollisol agricultural area in cold region of northeast cold region. 【Method】 The second year of planting (Medicago sativa L. “Dongnong No.1”) was used as experimental material to study the one-time fertilization of soil 525 kg·hm -2 in the alfalfa spring before returning to green. The 525 kg·hm-2 disposable soil fertilization (the self-developed Mollisol agricultural area in cold region special compound fertilizer, patent application number: 201101193040.0) was studied before the spring return to green, and then sprayed 15 days before each castration. Self-developed alfalfa special foliar fertilizer for Mollisol agricultural area in cold region (patent application number: 201010124670.2), nutrient quality and overwintering rate, and the economic benefit was analyzed. 【Result】 Fertilization can effectively improve the yield and quality of alfalfa. Under the condition of fertilization (soil fertilizer + foliar fertilizer), the annual total hay yield of four and three stubbles of alfalfa was 13 544.44 kg·hm-2and 11 935.26 kg·hm-2, which were 11.45% and 10.77% higher than that of the control, and the average crude protein content was 22.11%, 21.68%, 8.17% and 7.59% higher than that of the control. Increasing the number of cutting times under fertilization (soil fertilizer + foliar fertilizer) can effectively improve the yield and quality of grass, and has little effect on the overwintering rate. Compared with the three cropping, the annual hay yield and the average crude protein content of alfalfa were increased by 13.48% and 2%.And it had little effect on the overwintering rate, only reduced by 2 percentage points, from 96.70% to 94.84%. The output value and input-output ratio of four stubbles of alfalfa with fertilization and annual mowing were 24 380.01 yuan/hm2 and 2.05, which increased the net income of three stubbles by 4 851.68 yuan/hm2 compared with the three stubbles of alfalfa without fertilization. 【Conclusion】 It is feasible to cut four stubbles of alfalfa under reasonable fertilization conditions in Mollisol agricultural area in cold region by comprehensive comparative analysis. Keywords:alfalfa;Mollisol agricultural area in cold region;cutting frequency;fertilizer;grass yield;nutritional quality
PDF (1089KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 巩皓, 杨柳, 李丹丹, 刘国富, 肖知新, 吴清莹, 崔国文. 寒地黑土农区紫花苜蓿生产与品质对施肥和刈割频次的响应及效益分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(13): 2657-2667 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.13.014 GONG Hao, YANG Liu, LI DanDan, LIU GuoFu, XIAO ZhiXin, WU QingYing, CUI GuoWen. Response of Alfalfa Production and Quality to Fertilization and Cutting Frequency and Benefit Analysis in Mollisol Agricultural Area in Cold Region[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(13): 2657-2667 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.13.014
Table 1 表1 表1施肥和刈割频次对紫花苜蓿生长和产草量的影响 Table 1Effects of fertilizing and cutting frequency on growth and yield of alfalfa (Mean±SD)
处理 Treatment
刈割频次 Frequency
自然高度 Natural height (cm)
垂直高度 Vertical height (cm)
茎叶比 Stem/leaf ratio
干草产量 Dry yield (kg·hm-2)
CK
3-1
73.11±0.36b
76.17±0.47b
1.23±0.03a
3998.15±32.08b
施肥 Fertilizer ilizer
76.74±1.58a
82.06±2.15a
1.21±0.18a
4627.7±33.33a
CK
3-2
54.91±1.60b
61.59±2.17b
1.16±0.03a
3897.22±80.08b
施肥 Fertilizer
62.86±0.86a
72.25±1.68a
1.03±0.17b
4125± 54.65a
CK
3-3
42.41±0.49b
55.06±4.02b
1.04±0.01a
2879.63±66.74b
施肥 Fertilizer
51.41±0.9a
66.35±0.88a
0.78±0.05b
3181.48±35.72a
CK
4-1
68.19±0.36b
72.54±0.59b
1.29±0.11a
3826.67±113.11b
施肥 Fertilizer
72.53±1.58a
79.00±0.95a
1.22±0.03b
4157.41±66.28a
CK
4-2
65.72±0.61b
73.58±1.30b
1.19±0.01a
4205.56±19.25b
施肥 Fertilizer
72.97±0.07a
79.97±0.94a
1.10±0.01b
4618.52± 47.25a
CK
4-3
60.56±0.85b
75.04±0.38b
1.15±0.01a
2740.74±48.54b
施肥 Fertilizer
65.00±0.54a
79.88±1.82a
1.08±0.02b
3038.89±38.89a
CK
4-4
40.93±1.03b
45.03±1.36b
0.79±0.06a
1379.63±21.03b
施肥 Fertilizer
47.81±1.31a
51.12±0.67a
0.68±0.03b
1729.63±44.91a
CK表示未施肥;小写字母不同表示同一刈割频次施肥与不施肥处理差异显著(P<0.05)。下同 CK indicates non-fertilizing; different small letters indicate that significant difference between non-fertilizing and fertilizing treatment under the same mowing frequency (P<0.05). The same as below
Table 6 表6 表6施肥时不同刈割频次的经济指标情况 Table 6Economic indicators of different cutting frequency in fertilization
处理 Treatment
干草总产量 Total hay yield (kg·hm-2)
产值 Output value (元/hm2)
增产 Increase production (%)
增收 Increase in income (元/hm2)
肥料及人工成本 Fertilizer and labor cost (元/hm2)
纯增收 Net income (元/hm2)
产投比 Production/ Investment
CK
10775.00
19395.00
—
—
—
—
—
C1
11934.18
21481.52
10.76%
2086.52
100.00
1986.52
19.86
C2
12152.60
21874.68
12.79%
2479.68
1500.00
979.68
0.65
C3
13544.45
24380.01
25.70%
4985.01
1633.33
3351.68
2.05
CK表示不施肥刈割3次;C1表示施肥刈割3次;C2表示不施肥刈割4次,C3表示施肥刈割4次 CK stands for 3 times of no fertilization and cutting; C1 stands for 3 times of fertilization and cutting; C2 stands for 4 times of no fertilization and cutting; C3 stands for 4 times of fertilization and cutting
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