Evolution of Fluvo-Aquic Soil Productivity Under Long-Term Fertilization and Its Influencing Factors
WANG Le1, CHEN YanHua1,2, ZHANG ShuXiang,1, MA ChangBao3, SUN Nan1, LI ChunHua,11Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning/ National Engineering Laboratory for Cultivated Land Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081 2Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097 3National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Beijing 100026
Abstract 【Objective】The fluvo-aquic soil in North China is the main producing area of wheat and corn grain crops in China. The aim of the study was to clarify the changing laws of fluvo-aquic soil productivity and to identify the main factors affecting the productivity of fluvo-aquic soil, so as to provide a theoretical basis for crop yield increase and sustainable development in fluvo-aquic soil. 【Method】This study used the long-term monitoring points of national fluvo-aquic soil as the platform, and used time trend analysis and median analysis methods to summarize the trends of productivity and soil fertility factors in different monitoring periods. 【Result】The monitoring results of fluvo-aquic soil productivity in North China under conventional fertilization in the past 31 years showed: under the conventional fertilization in fluvo-aquic soil, wheat yield increased during the whole monitoring period, and the average wheat yield was 6 443 kg·hm -2. The average wheat yield from 1988 to 1993 was 2 814 kg·hm -2, and the average wheat yield in 2014-2018 was 6 902 kg·hm -2; compared with the initial monitoring period (1988-1993), the wheat yield in 2014-2018 increased by 145%, with an average annual growth of 132 kg·hm -2. The maize yield in conventional fertilization area increased significantly with time. The average yield of corn in 1988-1993 was 2 667 kg·hm -2, and the average yield of corn in 2014-2018 was 8 267 kg·hm -2, which was earlier than the initial monitoring period (1988-1993); which increased by 210%, with an average annual growth of 180 kg·hm -2. Corn yield and its yield increase were significantly higher than wheat. The average contribution rate of soil fertility to wheat and maize yield was 48% and 51%, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between the amount of fertilizer applied and crop yield increase. As the number of years of fertilization increased, the sustainability of crops increased. The results of stepwise regression and path analysis indicated soil available phosphorus was a major factor affecting overall crop yield. The order of factors with a direct effect on wheat yield was organic matter, nitrogen application rate, and potassium application rate. The direct effect of maize yield was total nitrogen, available phosphorus, nitrogen application rate, and phosphorus application rate. 【Conclusion】 During the whole monitoring period, the fluvo-aquic soil productivity was significantly improved in the later stage of monitoring. The soil productivity was mainly affected by nitrogen fertilizer, organic matter and available phosphorus. Therefore, the improvement of productivity in fluvo-aquic soil areas required the improvement of soil fertility and the scientific application of fertilizer. Keywords:long-term fertilization;fluvo-aquic;productivity;crop yield;sustainability index;North China
PDF (653KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 王乐, 陈延华, 张淑香, 马常宝, 孙楠, 李春花. 长期施肥下华北潮土生产力演变及影响因素分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(11): 2232-2240 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.11.009 WANG Le, CHEN YanHua, ZHANG ShuXiang, MA ChangBao, SUN Nan, LI ChunHua. Evolution of Fluvo-Aquic Soil Productivity Under Long-Term Fertilization and Its Influencing Factors[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(11): 2232-2240 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.11.009
每个监测点小区面积不小于334 m2。详细记录了作物种类、肥料种类、施肥量和养分含量。试验设两个处理:(1)不施肥处理(空白区),小区面积60 m2,用设置保护行、垒区间小埂等方法隔离;(2)施肥处理,施肥方式为常规施肥,可代表当地大多数农田的施肥水平。种植作物为小麦和玉米。常规处理小麦季施化肥和有机肥,其中化肥肥料的年均用量为108 kgN·hm-2、59 kg P2O5·hm-2、39 kg K2O·hm-2;有机肥料的年均用量为23 kgN·hm-2、14 kg P2O5·hm-2、62 kg K2O·hm-2,小麦季秸秆还田。玉米季肥料种类主要是化肥,有机肥施用量较少。化肥肥料的年均用量为91 kgN·hm-2、23 kg P2O5·hm-2、30 kg K2O·hm-2,有机肥肥料的年均用量5 kgN·hm-2、3 kg P2O5·hm-2、22 kg K2O·hm-2。
1.3 样品的采集与分析
在每年秋收后,采取 0—20 cm 耕层土样,风干,研磨过筛。pH、有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾等指标均采用国家标准方法测定。pH 采用酸度计(水土比5﹕1);有机质测定采用重铬酸钾滴定法;全氮采用半微量凯氏定氮法;有效磷采用碳酸氢钠浸提-钼锑抗比色法;速效钾采用醋酸铵浸提-火焰光度计法。
盒式图下边缘线和上边缘线分别代表全部数据的5%和95%,上下实心点为异常值;矩形盒上、下边缘分别代表上四分位数和下四分位数,分别代表全部数据的75%和25%;盒中实线代表中值,虚线代表平均值;矩形盒上的不同字母表示不同监测时期在5% 水平上差异显著。图4同 Fig. 1Crop yields in conventional fertilization treatment of the long-term observation sites of fluvo-aquic soil
The lower and upper edge lines represent the 5% and 95% of the data, the solid points represent the vertical outliers. The lower and upper quartiles of the boxplots represent 25% and 75% of data, and the solid lines represent the median values and the dash lines represent the average values. Different letters above the boxplot indicate significant differences among the three mentoring periods at 0.05 level. The same as Fig.4
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