Effects of 4 Dwarfing Rootstocks on Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of ‘Fuji’ Sapling in Apple Replant Orchard
LI MinJi, ZHANG Qiang, LI XingLiang, ZHOU BeiBei, YANG YuZhang, ZHANG JunKe, ZHOU Jia, WEI QinPing,Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences/Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China),Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100093
Abstract 【Objective】 The effects of four dwarfing rootstocks (G935, G41, G11 and M9-T337) on the growth, early fruiting and yield quality of Fuji apple saplings under the replanting conditions were investigated for four years. The dwarfing rootstocks suitable for continuous cropping in Beijing were evaluated and selected, so as to provide a technical support for the renewal of the cultivation mode of old and inefficient apple orchards in China. 【Method】In the spring of 2016, 6-year-old apple trees (Fuji/SH6/ Malus prunifolia) were planed out and no soil improvement was carried out. 4 dwarfing rootstocks (G935, G11, G41 and M9-T337) Fuji apple seedlings (2-year-old roots and 1-year-dry) were directly planted in the original row, with a row spacing of 1 m×3.8 m. After planting, 4 dwarfing plants were investigated differences of tree growth, early fruiting, yield and quality of Fuji apple on rootstock for 4 consecutive years. 【Result】 The height of Fuji trees on G935 and G41 rootstock was higher than that of G11 and M9-T337; the number of main branches from high to low was: G935>G41>G11>M9-T337; the phenomenon of big feet of G41 and M9-T337 was higher than that of G935 and G11; the difference of height, diameter and number of main branches between G935 and G41 was significantly lower than that of G11 and M9-T337, with the neat garden phase. In the fourth year of continuous cropping, the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of leaves of G935 and G41 rootstocks were significantly higher than G11 and M9-T337, the fresh weight of leaves of G935 and G41 was significantly higher than G11 and M9-T337, and the dry weight of leaves of G935 and G41 was significantly higher than M9-T337. Within 4 years of continuous cropping, Fuji, the dwarfing rootstock of G935 and G41, grew normally, and the branch composition was in line with the change rule of dwarf rootstock fruit trees. From the second year, the proportion of long branches of G11 and M9-T337 trees was lower than 30%; from the third and fourth year, the proportion of short branches of G11 and M9-T337 trees was higher than 80%, the proportion of long branches was lower than 10%, and the tree vigor was obviously weakened. In the third year of continuous cropping, the flowering rate of G11 young trees was the highest, followed by G935 and G41, and M9-T337 had no flowering. In the fourth year of continuous cropping, the average yield per plant of Fuji on G935 and G41 rootstocks was significantly higher than that of M9-T337 and the average fruit weight and fruit shape index of G935 were significantly higher than those of other rootstocks. There were no significant differences in the soluble solid content, titratable acid content and solid acid ratio of the fruit of each rootstock. 【Conclusion】 Under the condition of replantation, the growth of young trees with G935 and G41 as rootstocks was significantly better than that of G11 and M9-T337. The branch composition was reasonable, the tree potential was moderate but not weak, the difference between single plants was small, and the garden was neat, which was suitable for continuous cropping in Beijing. Keywords：apple replant orchard;G dwarfing rootstocks;Fuji apple;tree growth;fruit yield;fruit quality
PDF (425KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 李民吉, 张强, 李兴亮, 周贝贝, 杨雨璋, 张军科, 周佳, 魏钦平. 4种矮化砧木对再植苹果幼树生长、产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(11): 2264-2271 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.11.012 LI MinJi, ZHANG Qiang, LI XingLiang, ZHOU BeiBei, YANG YuZhang, ZHANG JunKe, ZHOU Jia, WEI QinPing. Effects of 4 Dwarfing Rootstocks on Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of ‘Fuji’ Sapling in Apple Replant Orchard[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(11): 2264-2271 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.11.012
不同小写字母表示差异显著（P<0.05） Fig. 1Annual variation of height, trunk diameter and number of main branches of Fuji apple trees with different dwarfing rootstocks under repeated cropping conditions
Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05)
Fig. 2Annual variation of branch composition in different dwarfing rootstocks of Fuji apple trees with different dwarfing rootstocks under repeated cropping conditions
Table 1 表1 表1再植第4年4种矮化自根砧‘富士’苹果树体叶片质量的差异 Table 1Differences in leaf quality of 4 dwarfing rootstocks Fuji apple trees in the 4th year of continuous cropping
砧木类型 Different rootstocks
新梢长度 Length of new branches (cm)
叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content (mg·g-1)
净光合速率 Net Photosynthesis rate (μmol·m-2·s-1)
百叶重鲜重 Fresh weight of one hundred leaves (g)
百叶重干重 Dry weight of one hundred leaves (g)
G935
61.5a
64.58a
12.08a
106.28a
37.29a
G41
44.8b
65.41a
12.58a
102.63a
36.81a
G11
28.5c
58.34b
9.86b
95.47b
32.78ab
M9-T337
25.4c
57.29b
9.58b
94.25b
31.29b
Statistical multiple comparison according to the Duncan’s test, the different letters indicate significant difference at 0.05 level. The same as below 多重比较采用新复极差测验,同一列不同小写字母表示不同数据之间达到5%显著性差异水平。下同
Table 3 表3 表34种矮化自根砧‘富士’苹果果实产量和品质的差异（再植第4年） Table 3Differences in fruit quality of four dwarfing rootstocks of Fuji apple in the fourth year of repeated cropping
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何平, 李林光, 王海波, 常源升 . 5个矮化中间砧对‘沂水红’富士苹果生长、结果和叶片矿质元素积累的影响 中国农业科学, 2018,51(4):750-757. DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.04.014URL [本文引用: 1] 【目的】探讨5个不同矮化中间砧对‘沂水红’富士树体生长发育的影响,为推广中国培育的具有自主知识产权的苹果矮化砧木提供依据。【方法】以5年生的矮化中间砧苹果幼树（‘沂水红’富士/M26、SH6、青砧2号、辽砧2号、M9T337/平邑甜茶）为试材,连续3年对不同砧穗组合树体生长、果实产量、品质及生长期叶片矿质元素进行测定分析。【结果】从嫁接复合体主干生长一致性看,辽砧2号与基砧和接穗的亲合性最好；在新梢生长动态上,不同砧穗组合虽相似,但SH6树体新梢年生长量始终处于较高水平；在枝类组成上,M9T337树体短枝比例最高（65.2%）,长枝比例最小（11.1%）；在单株平均产量上,M26较高；各组合果实的单果重、果形指数、果实硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量差异不大。生长期,辽砧2号、青砧2号和SH6上的叶片氮、磷、钾、钙和镁含量处于较高水平,辽砧2号叶片铁含量在整个生长期保持较高水平；生长后期,M9T337钙含量略高。【结论】SH6、青砧2号和辽砧2号作为中间砧嫁接‘沂水红’富士具有亲合性好,树体小,枝类组成合理,产量稳定,果实品质优良等特点。 HEP, LI LG, WANG HB, CHANG YS . Effects of five dwarfing interstocks on shoot growth, fruiting and accumulation of mineral elements in leaves of Yishui Red Fuji apple Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018,51(4):750-757. (in Chinese) DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.04.014URL [本文引用: 1] 【目的】探讨5个不同矮化中间砧对‘沂水红’富士树体生长发育的影响,为推广中国培育的具有自主知识产权的苹果矮化砧木提供依据。【方法】以5年生的矮化中间砧苹果幼树（‘沂水红’富士/M26、SH6、青砧2号、辽砧2号、M9T337/平邑甜茶）为试材,连续3年对不同砧穗组合树体生长、果实产量、品质及生长期叶片矿质元素进行测定分析。【结果】从嫁接复合体主干生长一致性看,辽砧2号与基砧和接穗的亲合性最好；在新梢生长动态上,不同砧穗组合虽相似,但SH6树体新梢年生长量始终处于较高水平；在枝类组成上,M9T337树体短枝比例最高（65.2%）,长枝比例最小（11.1%）；在单株平均产量上,M26较高；各组合果实的单果重、果形指数、果实硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量差异不大。生长期,辽砧2号、青砧2号和SH6上的叶片氮、磷、钾、钙和镁含量处于较高水平,辽砧2号叶片铁含量在整个生长期保持较高水平；生长后期,M9T337钙含量略高。【结论】SH6、青砧2号和辽砧2号作为中间砧嫁接‘沂水红’富士具有亲合性好,树体小,枝类组成合理,产量稳定,果实品质优良等特点。
高登涛, 郭景南, 魏志峰, 范庆锦, 杨朝选 . 中部地区两类矮砧密植苹果园生产效率及光照质量评价 中国农业科学, 2012,45(5):909-916. DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.05.011URL [本文引用: 1] 【目的】对中部地区两类矮砧密植苹果园的生产效率及光照质量进行评价，为本地区矮砧密植苹果园管理提供参考。【方法】测定单株结构参数以及枝（梢）量、枝类组成、覆盖率等果园群体参数，研究冠层光照，调查果实产量和品质。【结果】细长纺锤形果园每667m2枝量为5.4×104条，果园覆盖率为76%，叶面积指数为1.9，长中短枝比例1﹕1﹕8，产量3 263 kg/667m2，一级果率85%，冠层光截获率为58%，优质冠积比例为65%；改良纺锤形果园每667m2枝量为9.3×104条，果园覆盖率为77%，叶面积指数为3.3，长中短枝比例1﹕2﹕7，产量3 931 kg/667m2，一级果率85%，冠层光截获率为73%，优质冠积比例为35%。【结论】采用M26中间砧、以细长纺锤形和改良纺锤形整形的中密度栽植模式可为中部地区矮砧密植苹果园的发展提供参考。 GAO DT, GUO JN, WEI ZF, FAN QJ, YANG CX . Evaluation of productivity and light quality in two high density dwarf rootstock apple orchards in central China Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012,45(5):909-916. (in Chinese) DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.05.011URL [本文引用: 1] 【目的】对中部地区两类矮砧密植苹果园的生产效率及光照质量进行评价，为本地区矮砧密植苹果园管理提供参考。【方法】测定单株结构参数以及枝（梢）量、枝类组成、覆盖率等果园群体参数，研究冠层光照，调查果实产量和品质。【结果】细长纺锤形果园每667m2枝量为5.4×104条，果园覆盖率为76%，叶面积指数为1.9，长中短枝比例1﹕1﹕8，产量3 263 kg/667m2，一级果率85%，冠层光截获率为58%，优质冠积比例为65%；改良纺锤形果园每667m2枝量为9.3×104条，果园覆盖率为77%，叶面积指数为3.3，长中短枝比例1﹕2﹕7，产量3 931 kg/667m2，一级果率85%，冠层光截获率为73%，优质冠积比例为35%。【结论】采用M26中间砧、以细长纺锤形和改良纺锤形整形的中密度栽植模式可为中部地区矮砧密植苹果园的发展提供参考。
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DONG JB . Research on individual and group parameters of apple orchard with intensive planting on dwarf rootstock [D]. Baoding: Agricultural University of Hebei, 2010. ( in Chinese)
ZHANGQ, WEI QP, SHANG ZH . Analysis of tree structure and relative light intensity in apple orchard with dwarf interstock for good qualities and high yield in Beijing region Journal of Fruit Science, 2013,30(4):586-590. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
李民吉, 张强, 李兴亮, 周贝贝, 孙健, 张军科, 魏钦平 . 五个SH系矮化中间砧对‘富士’苹果树体生长、产量和品质的影响 中国农业科学, 2016,49(22):4419-4428. DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.22.014URL [本文引用: 1] 【目的】探讨SH不同系号中间砧对宫藤富士苹果幼树生长、早果性、果实产量和品质的影响,为苹果矮化砧木的评价、筛选和合理选择提供理论依据和应用建议。【方法】以2009年春季定植的3年根1年干的矮化中间苹果成品苗（宫藤富士/SH1、SH3、SH6、SH9和SH40/平邑甜茶）为试材,株行距为1.5 m×5.0 m,细纺锤整形修剪,栽植第2年开始,连续6年调查分析SH不同系号中间砧对宫藤富士苹果树体生长、果实产量和品质的影响。【结果】SH不同系号中间砧对宫藤富士苹果树体生长、果实产量和品质的影响存在较大差异。SH6树体最小,树体干周粗度显著小于其他系号,SH3和SH40的干周粗度显著大于其他系号；SH6树体新梢年生长量在栽植7年内均最低,SH3树体新梢年生长量先高后低；各系号总枝量无明显差异,但枝类组成差异较大,SH6树体树势中庸,树体短枝比例最高（63.81%）,长枝比例最小（7.80%）。栽植第4年各系号树体开始有产量,SH3、SH6、SH9和SH40四个系号树体3年累计单株产量超过75 kg,4个系号间无显著差异,但均显著高于SH1系号树体；SH6产量连续稳定性最好,SH9产量稳定性最差；SH6树体果实产量在树冠不同部位的分布最均匀,表现突出；各系号果实大果率（单果重>200 g的果实占总产量的比例）由高到低依次为：SH40>SH6>SH3>SH9>SH1。各系号树体果实的平均单果重、果形指数和果实硬度均无显著差异；SH6树体果实的果形指数的变异系数最小,果实果形一致性最好；SH6果实可溶性固形物含量和固酸比显著优于其他4种中间砧。【结论】SH6作为中间砧嫁接宫藤富士与其他系号相比,具有树体小、新梢平均长度小、短枝比例高、枝类组成合理、产量稳定、果实品质优等特点。 LI MJ, ZHANGQ, LI XL, ZHOU BB, SUNJ, ZHANG JK, WEI QP . Effect of five different dwarfing interstocks of sh on growth, yield and quality in ‘Fuji’ apple trees Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016,49(22):4419-4428. (in Chinese) DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.22.014URL [本文引用: 1] 【目的】探讨SH不同系号中间砧对宫藤富士苹果幼树生长、早果性、果实产量和品质的影响,为苹果矮化砧木的评价、筛选和合理选择提供理论依据和应用建议。【方法】以2009年春季定植的3年根1年干的矮化中间苹果成品苗（宫藤富士/SH1、SH3、SH6、SH9和SH40/平邑甜茶）为试材,株行距为1.5 m×5.0 m,细纺锤整形修剪,栽植第2年开始,连续6年调查分析SH不同系号中间砧对宫藤富士苹果树体生长、果实产量和品质的影响。【结果】SH不同系号中间砧对宫藤富士苹果树体生长、果实产量和品质的影响存在较大差异。SH6树体最小,树体干周粗度显著小于其他系号,SH3和SH40的干周粗度显著大于其他系号；SH6树体新梢年生长量在栽植7年内均最低,SH3树体新梢年生长量先高后低；各系号总枝量无明显差异,但枝类组成差异较大,SH6树体树势中庸,树体短枝比例最高（63.81%）,长枝比例最小（7.80%）。栽植第4年各系号树体开始有产量,SH3、SH6、SH9和SH40四个系号树体3年累计单株产量超过75 kg,4个系号间无显著差异,但均显著高于SH1系号树体；SH6产量连续稳定性最好,SH9产量稳定性最差；SH6树体果实产量在树冠不同部位的分布最均匀,表现突出；各系号果实大果率（单果重>200 g的果实占总产量的比例）由高到低依次为：SH40>SH6>SH3>SH9>SH1。各系号树体果实的平均单果重、果形指数和果实硬度均无显著差异；SH6树体果实的果形指数的变异系数最小,果实果形一致性最好；SH6果实可溶性固形物含量和固酸比显著优于其他4种中间砧。【结论】SH6作为中间砧嫁接宫藤富士与其他系号相比,具有树体小、新梢平均长度小、短枝比例高、枝类组成合理、产量稳定、果实品质优等特点。
ZHANGQ, WEI QP, LIU SZ, WANG XW, SHANG ZH, LU JJ . Formation of canopy structure, yield and fruit quality of ‘Fuji’ apple with SH6 dwarf interstock from juvenility to fruiting early stage Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013,46(9):137-143. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
李民吉, 张强, 李兴亮, 周贝贝, 杨雨璋, 周佳, 张军科, 魏钦平 . SH6矮化中间砧"富士"苹果不同树形对树体生长和果实产量、品质的影响 中国农业科学, 2017,50(19):3789-3796. DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.19.015URL [本文引用: 1] 【目的】探讨矮化中间砧‘富士’（宫藤富士/SH6/平邑甜茶）苹果3种不同树形（自由纺锤形、V字形和篱壁形）的树体生长和果实产量、品质的差异,为矮化中间砧苹果的早果、优质最佳树形选择应用提供理论依据。【方法】以2010年春季定植的3年根1年干SH6矮化中间砧‘富士’成品苗（宫藤富士/SH6/平邑甜茶）为试材,单位面积种植株数相同,分别为自由纺锤形（2 m×4.5 m）、V字形（1.5 m×6 m）和篱壁形（3 m×3 m）3种方式建园,自栽植后分别采用相应的树形修剪方法,连续6年调查不同树形SH6矮化中间砧‘富士’苹果树体生长、枝类组成及果实产量、单果重、固酸比等品质指标。【结果】不同树形SH6矮化中间砧‘富士’苹果树体生长和果实产量、品质存在较大差异。自栽植后第3年开始,不同树形的树体总枝量和覆盖率开始呈现显著差异,自由纺锤形树体总枝量和覆盖率最大,V字形次之,篱壁形最小；3种树形的枝类组成差异不显著。种植后第4年初结果和5—6年结果期的单株产量和累计产量均为自由纺锤形最高,显著高于V字形和篱壁形；自由纺锤形果实的平均单果重最大,V字形最小；各树形果实的果形指数、可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量、固酸比和果肉硬度均无显著差异。【结论】SH6矮化中间砧‘富士’苹果树采用自由纺锤形树形与V字形和蓠壁形相比,具有幼树生长快、成形早、总枝量高、枝类组成合理,结果早、稳产丰产、大果比例高、果实单果重高等特点。自由纺锤形是苹果矮砧规模化生产的适宜树形。 LI MJ, ZHANGQ, LI XL, ZHOU BB, YANG YZ, ZHOUJ, ZHANG JK, WEI QP . Effect of three different tree shapes on growth, yield and fruit quality of ‘Fuji’ apple trees on dwarfing interstocks Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017,50(19):3789-3796. (in Chinese) DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.19.015URL [本文引用: 1] 【目的】探讨矮化中间砧‘富士’（宫藤富士/SH6/平邑甜茶）苹果3种不同树形（自由纺锤形、V字形和篱壁形）的树体生长和果实产量、品质的差异,为矮化中间砧苹果的早果、优质最佳树形选择应用提供理论依据。【方法】以2010年春季定植的3年根1年干SH6矮化中间砧‘富士’成品苗（宫藤富士/SH6/平邑甜茶）为试材,单位面积种植株数相同,分别为自由纺锤形（2 m×4.5 m）、V字形（1.5 m×6 m）和篱壁形（3 m×3 m）3种方式建园,自栽植后分别采用相应的树形修剪方法,连续6年调查不同树形SH6矮化中间砧‘富士’苹果树体生长、枝类组成及果实产量、单果重、固酸比等品质指标。【结果】不同树形SH6矮化中间砧‘富士’苹果树体生长和果实产量、品质存在较大差异。自栽植后第3年开始,不同树形的树体总枝量和覆盖率开始呈现显著差异,自由纺锤形树体总枝量和覆盖率最大,V字形次之,篱壁形最小；3种树形的枝类组成差异不显著。种植后第4年初结果和5—6年结果期的单株产量和累计产量均为自由纺锤形最高,显著高于V字形和篱壁形；自由纺锤形果实的平均单果重最大,V字形最小；各树形果实的果形指数、可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量、固酸比和果肉硬度均无显著差异。【结论】SH6矮化中间砧‘富士’苹果树采用自由纺锤形树形与V字形和蓠壁形相比,具有幼树生长快、成形早、总枝量高、枝类组成合理,结果早、稳产丰产、大果比例高、果实单果重高等特点。自由纺锤形是苹果矮砧规模化生产的适宜树形。
LI MM, AN GY, ZHANGW, GUOY, ZHAO ZY, YANG JF . Effect of winter pruning on flowering, shoot-type composing and fruiting on Fiji apple trees Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 2011,20(5):126-129. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
RUAN BL, LIU JH, LI BZ . Effects of different pruning methods on growth and flower formation of apple fruiting branch Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2011,57(4):52-53. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
,北京市林业果树科学研究院/农业部华北都市农业重点实验室,北京 100093
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