Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Low Temperature Vernalization of Germinating Seeds of Brassica rapa
XU ChunMei, ZOU Ya, LIU ZiGang,, MI WenBo, XU MingXia, DONG XiaoYun, CAO XiaoDong, ZHENG GuoQiang, FANG XinLingAgronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University/Gansu Rapeseed Engineering and Technology Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science in Gansu Province/Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou 730070
Abstract 【Objective】 To explore the possibility of low temperature through vernalization to the germination of Brassica rapa, and the phenotypic changes of seed physiology and biochemistry and plant set during vernalization, so as to provide theoretical basis for artificial breeding and accelerating breeding process of B. rapa. 【Method】 Three different temperature-sensitive of B. rapa were used as materials, the germinated seeds were placed in 4℃ of low temperature for vernalization treatment. During the vernalization process (0 d, 20 d, 30 d, 40 d, 50 d, 60 d) the physiological and biochemical indexes such as nitrate reductase, antioxidant enzyme activity, osmotic regulator and malondialdehyde content of the germinated seeds were measured. Simultaneously germinated seeds of each vernalization treatment, the growth period of the seed formation plant was observed, and the seed-setting performance of the plants were measured. 【Result】 With the increase of vernalization time, the vernalization rate (V), plant height (FPH), mature plant height (MPH) and primary branch number (PB), the number of pods per plant (SP), the length of pods (LS), the number of pods (SS) and the yield per plant (YP) of germinated seeds of B. rapa showed an increasing trend; the early stage of vernalization (0-40 d), the plant's seed-setting performance showed significant differences among different varieties. After the vernalization time increased (50-60 d), the seed-setting ability of different varieties was slightly difference, but they were not significantly difference. The results of regression analysis showed that the germination seeds of strong winter rapa Longyou 7 at 4℃ were completely vernalized (springing rate >95%) and need to be treated 76.9 d, Longyou 9 and Tianyou 4 were 54.0 d, 39.4 d, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the vernalization rate was extremely significant positive correlated with plant height and seed-setting performance and other phenotypic traits. The correlation coefficient between vernalization rate with average first flower plant height and average mature plant height was 0.947 and 0.985, which indicated that vernalization degree of winter B. rapa significantly affected plant height and seed-setting performance. With the increase of low temperature vernalization time, the germinated seeds of winter B. rapa with nitrate reductase (NR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble protein (SP), Soluble sugar (SS) were increased first and then decreased, and the activity of catalase (CAT) decreased continuously. Compared with the control (the germinated seeds not treated at low temperature), the content of GA3 in the germinated seeds of Longyou 7 and Longyou 9 decreased significantly at the low temperature vernalization treatment, and the content of GA3 in the germinated seeds of Tianyou 4 was significantly higher than that of the control at 30 days. Compared with the control, the content of IAA in the winter rapeseed germinated in vernalization increased significantly (except for the treatment 40 days of Longyou9). Among them, the content of IAA in the seeds treated with vernalization for 50 days of Tianyou 4 increased by 197.0% compared with the control. The ABA content of the Longyou 7 was significantly increased compared with the control. 【Conclusion】 The germination seeds of winter Brassica rapa can be perceived the low temperature to complete the vernalization. The low temperature time required for vernalization of the variety depends on the winter strength. During the process vernalization of low temperature, the physiological and biochemical status is occurring some changes of the seed of winter B. rapa, and ultimately affect the growth and development of the plant and its seed setting performance. Keywords:Brassica rapa;germination seed;phenotypic characteristics;physiological and biochemical
PDF (1115KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 徐春梅, 邹娅, 刘自刚, 米文博, 徐明霞, 董小云, 曹小东, 郑国强, 方新玲. 白菜型冬油菜萌动种子低温春化的生理生化特征[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(5): 929-941 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.05.006 XU ChunMei, ZOU Ya, LIU ZiGang, MI WenBo, XU MingXia, DONG XiaoYun, CAO XiaoDong, ZHENG GuoQiang, FANG XinLing. Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Low Temperature Vernalization of Germinating Seeds of Brassica rapa[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(5): 929-941 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.05.006
a、b、c:春化处理30 d后移栽营养钵生长的植株;d、e、f:春化处理60 d后移栽营养钵生长的植株;1:对照(CK);2、3:春化 Fig. 1Effect of vernalization time on phenotype of B. Rapa
a, b, and c: Plants grown in a nutrient bowl after 30 days of vernalization; d, e, and f: Plants grown in a nutrient bowl after 60 days of vernalization; 1: CK; 2, 3: Vernalization
Table 2 表2 表2不同春化时间对白菜型冬油菜春化率的影响 Table 2Effect of vernalization time on the number of flowering plants of B. rapa (%)
时间Time (d)
陇油7号Longyou7
陇油9号Longyou9
天油4号Tianyou4
0(CK )
0.00
0.00
0.00
20
25.81
27.27
56.25
30
19.23
56.52
93.10
40
38.24
73.68
97.06
50
60.00
95.00
96.15
60
86.96
100.00
96.88
线性拟合方程Linear fitting equation
y =1.3567x-6.85(R2=0.8901)
y = 1.7954x-1.1007(R2=0.9785)
y =1.6169x+19.344(R2=0.7924)
春化率95%所需低温处理天数TTT (d)
76.9
54.0
39.4
TTT: The number of low temperature treatment days required for the vernalization rate of 95%. y is the vernalization rate in the table; x is the time required for the low temperature vernalization when the vernalization rate reaches y TTT:春化率95%所需低温处理天数。表中y为春化率;x为春化率达到y时所需低温春化的时间
Table 4 表4 表4不同春化时间对白菜型冬油菜结实性的影响 Table 4Effect of vernalization time on seed set of B. rapa
品种Variety
时间Time(d)
陇油7号Longyou7
陇油9号Longyou9
天油4号Tianyou4
PB
20
1.00±1.00b
2.00±1.00a
1.67±0.58b
30
0.67±0.58b
2.33±0.58a
2.00±1.00b
40
1.67±0.58ab
1.67±1.15a
1.33±0.58b
50
2.00±0ab
2.67±0.58a
2.33±0.58ab
60
3.00±1.00a
2.67±0.58a
3.33±0.58a
SP
20
37.00±8.19bc
40.3±4.73b
38.00±5.57b
30
30.33±3.21c
42.67±6.81b
42.67±4.04b
40
45.0±10.54abc
49.00±7.00ab
49.67±5.51ab
50
53.33±10.07ab
57.33±9.71a
53.67±13.05ab
60
57.33±10.07a
59.33±6.66a
60.67±10.60a
LS
20
4.38±0.47b
4.39±1.06b
4.97±0.46c
30
4.47±0.26b
3.83±0.26b
5.10±0.53bc
40
4.64±0.30b
4.83±0.58b
5.56±1.09abc
50
7.03±0.38a
6.34±.53a
6.20±0.45ab
60
6.91±0.25a
6.42±0.52a
6.66±0.21a
SS (mm)
20
12.33±3.48b
12.67±3.18b
14.11±2.14b
30
14.78±2.22b
12.78±9.22b
16.67±4.63a
40
16.89±3.66a
15.22±7.50a
19.44±3.37a
50
21.78±2.50a
24.22±4.17a
22.33±6.77a
60
21.33±1.15a
24.56±1.26a
23.33±0.58a
YP (g)
20
0.74±0.10b
0.78±0.18c
0.75±0.10b
30
0.67±0.09b
0.69±0.08c
0.92±0.13b
40
0.91±0.18b
0.97±0.17bc
1.21±0.09a
50
1.22±0.10a
1.14±0.22ab
1.25±0.24a
60
1.28±0.18a
1.32±0.17a
1.27±0.07a
PB: Number of primary branches; SP: Number of siliques per plant; LS: Lengths per silique; SS: Seeds per silique; YP: Yield per plant. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level. The same as below PB:一次分枝数;SP:单株角果数;LS:角果长度;SS:角果粒数;YP:单株产量。不同小写字母表示在0.05水平存在显著差异。下同
Table 5 表5 表5不同冬性白菜型油菜春化率、表型特征之间的相关性 Table 5Correlation between vernalization rate and phenotypic traits of B. rapa
性状 Trait
春化率V
初花株期高FPH
成熟期株高MPH
一次分枝数PB
单株角果数SP
角果长度LS
角果粒数SS
单株产量YP
春化率V
1
初花期株高FPH
0.947**
1
成熟期株高MPH
0.985**
0.978**
1
一次分枝数PB
0.841**
0.862**
0.847**
1
单株角果数SP
0.876**
0.837**
0.854**
0.915**
1
角果长度LS
0.839**
0.798**
0.820**
0.867**
0.974**
1
角果粒数SS
0.881**
0.854**
0.877**
0.874**
0.972**
0.978**
1
单株产量YP
0.893**
0.858**
0.882**
0.870**
0.982**
0.979**
0.982**
1
V: Vernalize rate. **: Significantly correlated at 0.01 level (both sides); *: Significantly correlated at 0.05 level (both sides). The same as below V:春化率。**:在0.01水平(双侧)差异极显著;*:在0.05水平(双侧)差异显著。下同
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