Effects of Different Types of Climate and Soil on Foxtail Millet Quality
ZHANG AiYing1, GUO ErHu,1, DIAO XianMin,2, FAN HuiPing1, LI YuHui1, WANG LiXia1, ZHANG Li3, WANG Rui1, WANG Jun1, GUO HongLiang1, HAN Fang4, CHENG LiPing1, WU YinSheng11. Millet Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Breeding in Minor Crops, Changzhi 046011, Shanxi 2. Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081 3. Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi 4. Yanan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yanan 716000, Shaanxi
Abstract 【Objective】 The foxtail millet grain quality under different types of climate and soil, was determined in this study, in order to discover the main natural factors on the quality of millet, and to reveal the law in quality change, and to provide technical guidance and theoretical support for the rational distribution of high-quality millet.【Method】 This experiment was carried out at Qinxian and Changzhi, which have different types of climate and soil, during 2012 to 2017. The soil samples at the depth of 0-60 cm were exchanged between two places so that each experimental site has two soil types at the same time. The same millet cultivars were sowed at this two sites with the same fertilization. The soil nutrition, seventeen kinds of amino acids, protein, fat, amylose, VB and mineral nutrients such as K, Cu and Zn in millet grain were determined. The data during 2013 to 2017 was collected and analyzed using a split split-block design with interannual data as duplicates, climate types as the main area, soil types as the main fissure area, and other factors as the secondary fissure area.【Result】 There are obvious differences in millet quality under different climatic conditions. The results showed that the contents of most amino acids (except methionine, alanine and cystine), total amino acids, crude protein, VB2, K, Cu and Zn of millet grain in Qinxian were higher than in Changzhi, in contrast, the content of fat in Qinxian was lower than in Changzhi. Moreover the grain in Qinxian had higher gel consistency but lower pastification temperature and less amylose in compared with the grain in Changzhi. In addition, the yield of millet from red soil is significantly higher than that from cinnamon soil. There are obvious differences in millet quality from different types of soils. The millets harvested from red soil contained more methionine, glycine, cystine, isoleucine, magnesium, iron and copper than that from cinnamon soil. The millets harvested from cinnamon soil contained more amino acids, protein, gel consistency, starch, VB1, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, zinc content than that from red soil. Moreover, the content of selenium of millet from cinnamon soil is significantly higher than that from red soil, but the content of millet fat from red soil was significantly higher than that from cinnamon soil.【Conclusion】 Different types of climate and soil have effects on grain quality, millet palatability and the accumulation of mineral. Qinxian climate benefits the accumulation of most amino acids, protein and VB in millet grain. Also the grain harvested in Qinxian had higher gel consistency but lower pastification temperature and less amylose in compared with the grain in Changzhi. Therefore, the millet in Qinxian has good quality and palatability. Moreover, red soil benefits the accumulation of magnesium, iron and copper, but cinnamon soil benefits the accumulation of amino acids, protein and VB1. In addition, the yield of millet from red soil is significantly higher than that from cinnamon soil, but millet from cinnamon soil are selenium-rich millet. In short, climate factors affect millet palatability, and soil factors affect millet quality and the accumulation of various mineral elements. Keywords:climate;soil;foxtail millet;quality
PDF (526KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 张艾英, 郭二虎, 刁现民, 范惠萍, 李瑜辉, 王丽霞, 张莉, 王瑞, 王军, 郭红亮, 韩芳, 程丽萍, 吴引生. 不同气候和土壤对小米品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(18): 3218-3231 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.18.014 ZHANG AiYing, GUO ErHu, DIAO XianMin, FAN HuiPing, LI YuHui, WANG LiXia, ZHANG Li, WANG Rui, WANG Jun, GUO HongLiang, HAN Fang, CHENG LiPing, WU YinSheng. Effects of Different Types of Climate and Soil on Foxtail Millet Quality[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(18): 3218-3231 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.18.014
上:营养品质;下:不同氨基酸 Fig. 4The performance of the contents of nutritional quality and different amino acids of foxtail millet planted in the different climatic conditions in Changzhi and Qinxian from 2013-2017
Up: Nutritional quality; Down: Different amino acids
上:营养品质;下:不同氨基酸 Fig. 5The performance of the contents of nutritional quality different amino acids of foxtail millet planted in Brown loam and Red clay from 2013-2017
Up: Nutritional quality; Down: Different amino acids
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张艾英, 郭二虎, 刁现民, 范惠萍, 李瑜辉, 王丽霞, 郭红亮, 程丽萍, 吴引生 . 2005—2015年西北春谷中晚熟区谷子育成品种评价 , 2017,50(23):4486-4505. DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.23.003Magsci [本文引用: 1] 【目的】对11年来西北春谷中晚熟区育成的谷子品种产量、农艺性状、抗逆性及品质性状综合分析,为西北春谷中晚熟区谷子新品种选育、推广及资源利用提供理论参考。【方法】基于2005—2015年国家谷子品种区域试验西北春谷中晚熟区数据,对参试品种及通过鉴定品种的产量、主要农艺性状进行比较与分析。并对通过鉴定的30个品种抗逆性、品质进行分析。【结果】2005—2015年参试品种及通过鉴定品种的产量有逐年增加的趋势。参试品种和通过鉴定品种的农艺性状在年度间存在一定的变异,参试品种的株高、单穗重、穗粒重、出谷率有逐年增加的趋势,生育期有缩短的趋势;通过鉴定的30个品种和对照相比,生育期、株高有降低趋势,株高变幅为105—165 cm;穗长在17—27 cm,70%的品种分布在19—23 cm;单穗重变幅为15—25 g,80%品种为18—22 g;穗粒重为12—20 g;出谷率分布在74%—84%,80%的品种在75%—80%;千粒重变异范围较大,分布在2.5—3.4 g,有9个品种的千粒重超过对照,公顷穗数分布在33万—43万。对通过鉴定品种农艺性状与产量的相关分析表明,产量与单穗重、穗粒重和公顷穗数呈显著正相关,与生育期呈负相关。鉴定品种总体抗性有提高的趋势,其中抗倒性明显优于对照,红叶病和白发病为主要病害,谷锈病、谷瘟病、纹枯病、蛀茎率也有不同程度地发生。穗松紧度多为中等偏紧类型,熟相中等偏好为主。品质上,通过鉴定品种的米色全为黄色,优质米的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量及胶稠度偏低,赖氨酸含量相对较高。鉴定品种中包括了糯质、高蛋白、高脂肪及粮草兼用、抗除草剂、优质米等多种类型,丰富了品种类型。【结论】西北春谷晚熟区谷子品种的选育取得了一定的进步,所育品种在数量、多样性、产量、品质等方面有了一定的提高,但没有取得大的突破。在育种方法上比较单一,多采取简单杂交、系选的方法,应根据育种目标要求,开展材料创新,融合回交、复交、理化诱变等多种方法,并结合分子育种新技术,提高育种水平。在育种目标上,重点培育品质优良、矮秆抗倒、生育期略短、适合机械化收获的品种,培育多种类型的抗除草剂品种,满足谷子规模化生产的需求。 ZHANG AY, GUO EH, DIAO XM, FAN HP, LI YH, WANG LX, GUO HL, CHENG LP, WU YS . Evaluation of foxtail millet cultivars developed in the middle and late-maturing spring-sowing region in Northwest china in 2005-2015 Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017,50(23):4486-4505. (in Chinese) DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.23.003Magsci [本文引用: 1] 【目的】对11年来西北春谷中晚熟区育成的谷子品种产量、农艺性状、抗逆性及品质性状综合分析,为西北春谷中晚熟区谷子新品种选育、推广及资源利用提供理论参考。【方法】基于2005—2015年国家谷子品种区域试验西北春谷中晚熟区数据,对参试品种及通过鉴定品种的产量、主要农艺性状进行比较与分析。并对通过鉴定的30个品种抗逆性、品质进行分析。【结果】2005—2015年参试品种及通过鉴定品种的产量有逐年增加的趋势。参试品种和通过鉴定品种的农艺性状在年度间存在一定的变异,参试品种的株高、单穗重、穗粒重、出谷率有逐年增加的趋势,生育期有缩短的趋势;通过鉴定的30个品种和对照相比,生育期、株高有降低趋势,株高变幅为105—165 cm;穗长在17—27 cm,70%的品种分布在19—23 cm;单穗重变幅为15—25 g,80%品种为18—22 g;穗粒重为12—20 g;出谷率分布在74%—84%,80%的品种在75%—80%;千粒重变异范围较大,分布在2.5—3.4 g,有9个品种的千粒重超过对照,公顷穗数分布在33万—43万。对通过鉴定品种农艺性状与产量的相关分析表明,产量与单穗重、穗粒重和公顷穗数呈显著正相关,与生育期呈负相关。鉴定品种总体抗性有提高的趋势,其中抗倒性明显优于对照,红叶病和白发病为主要病害,谷锈病、谷瘟病、纹枯病、蛀茎率也有不同程度地发生。穗松紧度多为中等偏紧类型,熟相中等偏好为主。品质上,通过鉴定品种的米色全为黄色,优质米的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量及胶稠度偏低,赖氨酸含量相对较高。鉴定品种中包括了糯质、高蛋白、高脂肪及粮草兼用、抗除草剂、优质米等多种类型,丰富了品种类型。【结论】西北春谷晚熟区谷子品种的选育取得了一定的进步,所育品种在数量、多样性、产量、品质等方面有了一定的提高,但没有取得大的突破。在育种方法上比较单一,多采取简单杂交、系选的方法,应根据育种目标要求,开展材料创新,融合回交、复交、理化诱变等多种方法,并结合分子育种新技术,提高育种水平。在育种目标上,重点培育品质优良、矮秆抗倒、生育期略短、适合机械化收获的品种,培育多种类型的抗除草剂品种,满足谷子规模化生产的需求。
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