Effects of different application methods of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on grain yield and nitrogen utilization of indica-japonica hybrid rice in pot-seedling mechanically transplanted
KE Jian1, CHEN Ting-Ting1, XU Hao-Cong1, ZHU Tie-Zhong1, WU Han1, HE Hai-Bing1, YOU Cui-Cui1, ZHU De-Quan1, WU Li-Quan,1,2,*1College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China 2Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China.2016YFD0300608 This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China.2018YFD0300904 the Key Research Fund of the Education Department of Anhui Province.KJ2019A0176
作者简介 About authors E-mail: Kej@ahau.edu.cn
摘要 研究籼粳杂交稻钵苗摆栽超高产栽培模式下适宜的控释氮肥运筹。试验于2016—2017年在安徽庐江进行, 以当地高产籼粳杂交稻甬优1540为供试品种, 设置控释氮肥一次性基施(single basal application of CRNF, BC)、与尿素分蘖肥配施(basal application of CRNF combined with urea top-dressing at the tillering stage, BC+TU)、与尿素穗肥配施(basal application of CRNF combined with urea top-dressing at panicle initiation, BC+PU)三种运筹模式, 以尿素分次施肥(conventional high-yield fertilization, SU)和不施氮肥(0N)为对照, 研究控释氮肥运筹对钵苗摆栽籼粳杂交稻产量、氮肥吸收利用及相关农艺指标的影响。结果表明, 控释氮肥阶段释放基蘖肥: 穗肥比例为7∶3, 较传统优化氮肥运筹SU (6∶4)整体表现基蘖肥冗余, 穗肥不足, 因而BC和BC+TU处理显著降低了钵苗摆栽籼粳杂交稻产量和氮肥利用效率。与BC和BC+TU处理相比, BC+PU通过基肥减量和尿素穗肥配施, 在保证水稻营养生长期基本氮素供应的同时, 显著增加了穗分化至成熟期氮素吸收, 促进了穗分化至成熟期光合物质生产能力, 在稳定有效穗数和千粒重的同时, 显著提高了钵苗摆栽籼粳杂交稻每穗粒数、结实率和产量, 很好的匹配了钵苗摆栽籼粳杂交稻全生育期氮素需求。BC+PU两年的产量和氮肥利用率分别为12.2~13.1 t hm -2和43.8%~44.1%, 分别较BC显著提高7.4%~9.2%和48.5%~59.9%, 较BC+TU显著提高8.0%~11.9%和63.9%~74.5%。另外, BC+PU的产量和氮肥利用率与SU无显著差异, 但由于大幅降低了施氮人工成本, 最终提高净收益6.5%~12.3%。在籼粳杂交稻钵苗摆栽超高产栽培模式下, 采用70%控释氮肥+30%尿素穗肥处理可有效取代常规尿素分次施肥, 获得无显著差异的水稻产量和氮肥利用效率, 同时进一步提高经济效益。 关键词：籼粳杂交稻;钵苗摆栽;控释氮肥运筹;产量;氮素吸收
Abstract To investigate the optimal application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRNF) under the super-high-yield cultivation of indica-japonica hybrid rice in pot-seedling mechanically transplanted, the field experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of three application methods of CRNF [one-time basal application of polymer-coated urea (BC), basal application of polymer-coated urea combined with urea top-dressing at the tillering stage (BC+TU, 8:2), and basal application of polymer-coated urea combined with urea top-dressing at panicle initiation (BC+PU, 7:3)] on grain yield, nitrogen utilization (NRE), and agronomic traits of Yongyou 1540, a high-yield indica-japonica hybrid rice variety, with the pot-seedling mechanically transplanted in 2016 and 2017. Conventional high-yield fertilization of urea at 280 kg hm -2 (SU) and 0 N treatments were set as the controls. The cumulative release ratio of basal tiller fertilizer to panicle fertilizer for CRNF was 7:3, which was higher than that of SCU (6:4), leading to N redundancy at tillering stage and deficit during the following growth stages. Therefore, BC and BC+TU presented lower rice yields and NRE compared with SU. In comparison with BC and BC+TU, BC+PU was applied in combination with CRNF basal fertilizer reduction and urea fertilizer application at panicle initiation stage, and increased N uptake and photosynthetic capacity from panicle initiation stage to maturity stage ensured the basic N supply during the vegetative growth period in rice, leading to significantly higher spikelets per panicle, grain filling percentage, and grain yield while an equal panicles per m 2 and 1000-grain weight. Meanwhile, N application rates can be well matched with rice N uptake patterns during the whole growth period. The grain yield of BC+PU was 12.2-13.1 t hm -2 in 2016 and 2017, which were 7.4%-9.2% and 8.0%-11.9% higher than those of BC and BC+TU, respectively. Moreover, the NRE of BC+PU were 43.8%-44.1% in 2016-2017, which were 48.5%-59.9% and 63.9%-74.5% higher than those of BC and BC+TU, respectively. In addition, compared with SU, there was not significant differences of grain yield and NRE in BC+PU, and net income was higher by 6.5%-12.3% due to the significant reduction of labor cost of N application. In conclusion, the basal application of CRNF combined with urea top-dressing at panicle initiation stage at ratios of 7:3 was the simplified fertilization method that could effectively replace conventional simplified fractional fertilization, and exhibit no significant differences in rice yield, NRE, and higher economic benefits. Keywords：indica-japonica hybrid rice;pot-seedling mechanically transplanted;controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer;grain yield;nitrogen uptake
PDF (479KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 柯健, 陈婷婷, 徐浩聪, 朱铁忠, 吴汉, 何海兵, 尤翠翠, 朱德泉, 武立权. 控释氮肥运筹对钵苗摆栽籼粳杂交稻甬优1540产量及氮肥利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(7): 1372-1382. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02055 KE Jian, CHEN Ting-Ting, XU Hao-Cong, ZHU Tie-Zhong, WU Han, HE Hai-Bing, YOU Cui-Cui, ZHU De-Quan, WU Li-Quan. Effects of different application methods of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on grain yield and nitrogen utilization of indica-japonica hybrid rice in pot-seedling mechanically transplanted[J]. Acta Crops Sinica, 2021, 47(7): 1372-1382. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02055
0N: no nitrogen application; SU: spilt application of urea; BC: basal application of CRNF; BC+TU: combined basal application of CRNF and tillering fertilizer application of urea (8:2); BC+PU: combined basal application of CRNF and panicle initiation fertilizer application of urea (7:3). Urea-N indicates that nitrogen derives from urea; CRNF-N indicates that nitrogen derives from polymer-coated urea. 0N: 不施氮肥; SU: 尿素分次施肥; BC: 一次性基施控释氮肥; BC+TU: 基施控释氮肥与分蘖肥尿素配施(8:2); BC+PU: 基施控释氮肥与穗肥尿素配施(7:3)。Urea-N表示氮素来源于尿素; CRNF-N表示氮素来源于控释氮肥。
TS代表移栽, PI代表穗分化期, HS代表抽穗期, MS代表成熟期。图柱上的不同小写字母表示年际间差异显著(P < 0.05)。 Fig. 2Nitrogen release pattern of CRNF under paddy field conditions in 2016 and 2017
TS: transplanting stage, PI: panicle initiation stage, HS: heading stage, MS: mature stage. Different lowercase letters on the columns indicate significant differences in different years at P < 0.05.
Table 2 表2 表2控释氮肥运筹对钵苗摆栽籼粳杂交稻产量及其构成因素的影响(2016-2017) Table 2Effects of different application methods of CRNF on grain yield and its components of indica-japonica hybrid rice in pot-seedling mechanically transplanted in 2016 and 2017
年份 Year
处理 Treatment
有效穗数 Panicles per m2
每穗粒数Spikelets per panicle
结实率 Grain-filling percentage (%)
千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
实收产量 Actual grain yield (t hm-2)
2016
0N
165.9 b
291.6 a
94.7 bc
23.38 a
10.2 c
SU
233.4 a
271.3 b
97.0 ab
22.70 b
13.1 a
BC
235.6 a
252.7 c
92.9 c
22.72 b
12.0 b
BC+TU
239.9 a
249.7 c
92.0 c
22.80 b
12.2 b
BC+PU
235.1 a
280.7 b
98.6 a
22.86 b
13.1 a
2017
0N
207.1 b
272.8 a
93.1 a
23.41 a
9.5 c
SU
282.0 a
243.0 bc
85.9 bc
22.34 b
12.0 a
BC
275.3 a
223.0 d
83.2 cd
22.70 b
10.9 b
BC+TU
283.6 a
232.0 cd
81.1 d
22.51 b
11.3 b
BC+PU
280.1 a
249.5 b
87.5 b
22.35 b
12.2 a
F-value
年份Year (Y)
268.7**
83.0**
197.0**
6.2*
41.9**
处理Treatment (T)
122.6**
34.9**
20.6**
11.5**
50.6**
Y×T
0.4ns
1.1ns
8.5**
1.2ns
0.2ns
Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Values followed by different lowercase letters within a column represent significant differences at the 0.05 probability level among the different treatments in the same year; ** and * indicate significant differences at the 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively; ns indicates no significant differences. 处理同表1。数据后的小写字母表示同一年份不同处理在0.05水平差异显著; **、*和ns分别表示处理在0.01、0.05水平差异显著和差异不显著。
Table 3 表3 表3控释氮肥运筹对钵苗摆栽籼粳杂交稻干物质积累和收获指数的影响(2016-2017) Table 3Effects of different application methods of CRNF on DMA and harvest index of indica-japonica hybrid rice in pot-seedling mechanically transplanted in 2016 and 2017
年份 Year
处理 Treatment
地上部干物质重Dry matter accumulation (t hm-2)
收获指数 Harvest index (%)
穗分化期PI
抽穗期HS
成熟期MS
2016
0N
4.2 c
13.2 c
18.7 c
55.0 a
SU
5.9 b
16.4 a
22.8 a
57.4 a
BC
6.0 b
15.1 b
20.6 b
58.2 a
BC+TU
6.9 a
15.2 b
20.9 b
58.5 a
BC+PU
5.6 b
16.8 a
23.6 a
55.6 a
2017
0N
4.6 b
10.0 c
16.4 c
57.1 a
SU
6.1 a
13.0 a
20.5 a
60.1 a
BC
6.2 a
11.9 b
19.0 b
57.6 a
BC+TU
7.1 a
12.0 b
18.8 b
59.9 a
BC+PU
6.0 a
13.1 a
20.7 a
59.2 a
F-value
年份Year (Y)
5.1**
511.4**
147.9**
3.9ns
处理Treatment (T)
24.6**
62.7*
79.6**
1.5ns
Y×T
0.5ns
0.7ns
1.9ns
0.6ns
处理同表1。数据后的小写字母表示同一年份不同处理在0.05水平差异显著; **、*和ns分别表示处理在0.01、0.05水平差异显著和差异不显著。 Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Values followed by different lowercase letters within a column represent significant differences at the 0.05 probability level in the different treatments in the same year; ** and * indicate significant differences at the 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively; ns indicate no significant differences. PI: panicle initiation stage; HS: heading stage; MS: mature stage.
缩写同图2。**表示在0.01水平显著相关。 Fig. 3Correlations between spikelets per panicle and DMA during PI-HS, and grain filling percentage and DMA during HS-MS in 2016 and 2017.
Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 2. ** means significant correlation at P < 0.01.
Table 4 表4 表4控释氮肥运筹对钵苗摆栽籼粳杂交稻叶面积指数和光合势的影响(2016-2017) Table 4Effects of different application methods of CRNF on leaf area index and leaf area duration of indica-japonica hybrid rice in pot-seedling mechanically transplanted in 2016 and 2017
年份 Year
处理 Treatment
叶面积指数Leaf area index
光合势Leaf area duration (m2 m-2 d)
穗分化期 PI
抽穗期 HS
成熟期 MS
移栽-穗分化期 TS-PI
穗分化-抽穗期 PI-HS
抽穗-成熟期 HS-MS
2016
0N
3.4 b
7.4 c
2.6 c
67.1 c
215.9 d
271.1 c
SU
6.3 ab
12.2 a
6.1 a
125.8 b
368.9 ab
492.9 a
BC
6.6 a
10.3 b
4.2 b
134.3 ab
340.2 c
391.4 b
BC+TU
7.4 a
10.7 b
4.0 b
148.9 a
356.9 b
397.9 b
BC+PU
6.7 a
12.1 a
6.4 a
133.1 ab
374.0 a
498.1 a
2017
0N
4.1 c
5.8 c
2.4 c
81.0 c
196.8 c
221.1 c
SU
7.1 b
10.7 a
5.5 a
142.7 b
357.5 ab
438.6 a
BC
7.4 a
9.5 b
2.9 b
148.5 b
339.1 b
335.5 b
BC+TU
8.2 ab
9.6 b
3.1 b
164.6 a
349.5 ab
342.5 b
BC+PU
7.3 ab
10.8 a
5.8 a
145.3 b
361.7 a
448.7 a
F-value
年份Year (Y)
17.9**
92.3**
25.89**
17.9**
8.7**
230.4**
处理Treatment (T)
68.4**
186.9**
4.63*
68.4**
300.3**
563.2**
Y×T
0.1ns
1.3ns
0.51ns
0.1ns
0.7ns
0.2ns
Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Values followed by different lowercase letters within a column represent significant differences at the 0.05 probability level in the different treatments in the same year; ** and * indicate significant differences at the 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively; ns indicates no significant differences. TS: transplanting stage; PI: panicle initiation stage; HS: heading stage; MS: mature stage. 处理同表1。数据后的小写字母表示同一年份不同处理在0.05 水平差异显著; **、*和ns分别表示处理在0.01、0.05水平差异显著和差异不显著。
Table 5 表5 表5控释氮肥运筹对钵苗摆栽籼粳杂交稻氮素吸收和利用的影响(2016-2017) Table 5Effects of different application methods of CRNF on N uptake and N apparent recovery efficiency of indica-japonica hybrid rice in pot-seedling mechanically transplanted in 2016 and 2017
年份 Year
处理 Treatment
氮积累量 N uptake (kg hm-2)
氮素利用效率 N apparent recovery efficiency (%)
穗分化期 PI
抽穗期 HS
成熟期 MS
2016
0N
75.4 c
140.4 c
195.1 c
—
SU
170.4 b
265.5 a
314.0 a
42.5 a
BC
174.5 b
238.4 b
278.2 b
29.7 b
BC+TU
189.4 a
232.6 b
270.4 b
26.9 b
BC+PU
169.0 b
267.0 a
318.7 a
44.1 a
2017
0N
96.2 c
130.0 c
171.0 c
—
SU
195.7 b
245.2 a
284.7 a
40.6 a
BC
199.6 b
226.3 b
247.7 b
27.4 b
BC+TU
220.5 a
224.4 b
241.3 b
25.1 b
BC+PU
194.6 b
255.2 a
293.5 a
43.8 a
F-value
年份Year (Y)
254.5**
24.1**
151.6**
2.9ns
处理Treatment (T)
693.8**
315.7**
381.9**
97.0**
Y×T
1.1ns
0.6ns
0.3ns
0.2ns
处理同表1。数据后的小写字母表示同一年份不同处理在0.05 水平差异显著; **、*和ns分别表示处理在0.01、0.05水平差异显著和差异不显著。 Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Values followed by different lowercase within a column represent significant difference at the 0.05 probability level of different treatments in the same year. ** indicates significant differences at the 0.01 probability level; ns indicates no significant differences. PI: panicle initiation stage; HS: heading stage; MS: mature stage.
Table 6 表6 表6控释氮肥运筹对钵苗摆栽籼粳杂交稻氮素经济效益的影响(2016-2017) Table 6Effects of different application methods of CRNF on economic benefits of indica-japonica hybrid rice in pot-seedling mechanically transplanted in 2016 and 2017
年份 Year
处理 Treatment
总收入 Economic income (Yuan hm-2)
氮肥支出 N fertilizer cost (Yuan hm-2)
施氮工费 Cost of N application (Yuan hm-2)
其他成本 Other costs (Yuan hm-2)
净收益 Net income (Yuan hm-2)
2016
0N
26,555 c
0
0
21,000
5555 c
SU
33,939 a
588
1500
21,000
10,851 ab
BC
31,087 b
700
300
21,000
9087 b
BC+TU
31,755 b
678
900
21,000
9177 b
BC+PU
34,121 a
666
900
21,000
11,554 a
2017
0N
24,813 c
0
0
21,000
3813 c
SU
31,295 a
588
1500
21,000
8207 ab
BC
28,427 b
700
300
21,000
6427 b
BC+TU
29,259 b
678
900
21,000
6681 b
BC+PU
31,781 a
666
900
21,000
9214 a
F-value
年份Year (Y)
42.0**
42.0**
处理Treatment (T)
50.6**
28.4**
Y×T
0.2ns
0.2ns
处理同表1。数据后的小写字母表示同一年份不同处理在0.05水平差异显著; **和ns分别表示处理在0.01水平差异显著和不显著。 Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Values followed by different lowercase letters within a column represent significant differences at the 0.05 probability level in different treatments in the same year. ** indicates significant differences at the 0.01 probability level; ns indicates no significant differences.
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新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT
新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT
新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT
新窗口打开|下载原图ZIP|生成PPT
