Effects of planting density and fertilization on dry matter accumulation, yield and water-fertilizer utilization of dryland potato
LIU Yan-Lan,1, GUO Xian-Shi,1,*, ZHANG Xu-Cheng,1,*, MA Ming-Sheng1, WANG Hong-Kang21Institute of Drylang Farming, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Water Resource on Dryland, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China 2Gansu Seed General Station, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences.2019GAAS25 National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China.2015BAD22B01-05
Abstract It is important to increase potato production and the natural resource utilization efficiency in dryland farming system. A field experiment was conducted using Longshu 10 with three planting modes from 2017 to 2019, including farmer mode (CK), the mode with high yield and efficiency (YE), and higher yield mode (HY). The leaf area index (LAI), SPAD, photosynthetic rate, accumulation and remobilization of dry matter, water use efficiency (WUE) and fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) was investigated. The results showed that LAI and SPAD were increased in YE and HY compared to CK, and it was more significant in 2017 when there was less rainfall. Meanwhile, less reduction in LAI and SPAD after tubers enlargement resulted in an increase of canopy photosynthetic rate by 29.9%, 34.7% (in 2018 and 2019), and 40.2%, 50.5% (in 2018 and 2019) during the expanding stage and starch accumulation stage, respectively. Average aboveground dry matter in YE and HY was higher than CK by 123.1% and 118.5% in the enlargement stage due to higher LAI and photosynthetic rate. The contribution rate of assimilation after potato tuber enlargement in YE and HE was higher than CK by 22.56% and 19.29%, resulting in an average potato production increase of 47.93% and 47.78%, and average water use efficiency increased by 77.59% and 75.85%, respectively. YE and HY advantaged in tuber production and income improvement. Compared with CK, the net income increased by 7330.3 Yuan hm-2 and 6024.6 Yuan hm-2 in 2017 to 2019, respectively. The accumulation of N, P, and K was significantly enhanced due to large population canopy and high plant biomass accumulation. Compared to CK, N and P use efficiency, and the harvest index of N and P was increased under YE mode by 15.21%, 17.20% and 3.85%, 7.79%, respectively, and the N use efficiency was increased by 12.37% under HY mode. WUE, N, and P use efficiency of YE mode was higher than HY by 2.05%, 2.53%, and 23.41%, respectively, and the net income increased by 1305.7 Yuan hm-2. Therefore, replacement of slow-release urea with organic manure by 40% and improvement of planting density with 60,000 plants hm-2 in YE mode potentially increased in water use efficiency, nutrient use efficiency, high canopy photosynthetic rate maintenances, and remobilization of dry matter from stem and leaf to tubers. In conclusion, YE as a high tuber production and resource use efficiency planting mode, is recommended in semi-arid areas with black-film mulched potato cultivation regime. Keywords:potato;cultivation pattern;canopy photosynthetic capacity;dry matter accumulation and transportation;yield;water-fertilization use efficiency
PDF (836KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 柳燕兰, 郭贤仕, 张绪成, 马明生, 王宏康. 密度和施肥对旱地马铃薯干物质积累、产量和水肥利用的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(2): 320-331. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04100 LIU Yan-Lan, GUO Xian-Shi, ZHANG Xu-Cheng, MA Ming-Sheng, WANG Hong-Kang. Effects of planting density and fertilization on dry matter accumulation, yield and water-fertilizer utilization of dryland potato[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(2): 320-331. doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04100
Table 2 表2 表2不同栽培模式下马铃薯叶面积指数 Table 2Leaf area index (LAI) of potato under different cultivation models
年份 Year
处理 Treatment
现蕾期 Squaring stage
花期 Flowering stage
块茎膨大期 Tuber expanding stage
淀粉积累期 Starching accumulation stage
2017
CK
1.27±0.09 c
1.53±0.18 b
3.07±0.16 b
2.45±0.10 c
YE
1.80±0.20 b
2.41±0.16 a
3.73±0.16 a
3.32±0.17 a
HY
2.03±0.17 a
2.56±0.17 a
3.68±0.13 a
3.21±0.15 b
2018
CK
1.83±0.18 b
2.83±0.18 b
3.32±0.16 b
2.71±0.21 b
YE
2.49±0.21 a
3.68±0.25 a
4.14±0.12 a
3.75±0.16 a
HY
2.65±0.29 a
3.73±0.18 a
4.28±0.14 a
3.88±0.16 a
2019
CK
2.22±0.16 b
2.37±0.13 b
3.38±0.17 b
2.82±0.31 b
YE
2.73±0.13 a
3.11±0.16 a
4.27±0.20 a
3.82±0.28 a
HY
2.83±0.24 a
3.23±0.17 a
4.32±0.16 a
3.95±0.22 a
不同小写字母表示在同一年份同一生育期不同处理间在0.05水平上差异显著。处理同表1。 Values followed by different lowercase letters in the same growth stage and the same year are significantly different among treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1.
Table 3 表3 表3不同栽培模式下马铃薯叶片SPAD Table 3SPAD of potato under different cultivation models
年份 Year
处理 Treatment
苗期 Seedling stage
现蕾期 Squaring stage
花期 Flowering stage
块茎膨大期 Tuber expanding stage
淀粉积累期 Starching accumulation stage
2017
CK
50.73±0.43 a
58.27±0.86 b
60.58±0.91 b
62.49±0.69 b
53.87±1.06 b
YE
52.90±0.96 a
61.73±0.57 a
64.68±0.80 a
66.67±0.87 a
60.36±0.75 a
HY
51.29±0.86 a
62.80±0.76 a
65.48±0.52 a
66.13±0.57 a
58.67±0.78 a
2018
CK
45.07±0.75 a
50.23±0.57 b
52.66±0.34 b
56.60±1.07 b
47.19±2.16 b
YE
46.58±0.31 a
54.76±0.54 a
55.86±1.19 a
61.15±0.44 a
55.16±0.31 a
HY
45.88±0.62 a
55.26±0.25 a
56.92±0.91 a
61.02±0.20 a
54.56±0.33 a
2019
CK
42.03±0.99 b
48.15±1.03 b
53.43±1.06 b
58.62±1.04 b
48.58±0.93 b
YE
45.29±0.76 a
55.82±0.85 a
58.82±0.42 a
62.37±0.63 a
53.40±0.74 a
HY
46.62±0.54 a
56.14±0.25 a
57.58±0.78 a
63.22±0.29 a
52.73±0.28 a
不同小写字母表示在同一年份同一生育期不同处理间在0.05水平上差异显著。处理同表1。 Values followed by different lowercase letters in the same growth stage and the same year are significantly different among treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1.
Table 4 表4 表4不同栽培模式下马铃薯净光合速率和冠层光合能力 Table 4Net photosynthetic rate and canopy photosynthesis ability of potato under different cultivation models
年份 Year
处理 Treatment
块茎膨大期Tuber expanding stage
淀粉积累期Starching accumulation stage
净光合速率(CO2) Net photosynthetic rate (μmol m-2 s-1)
冠层光合能力 Canopy photosynthesis ability (Pn×LAI)
净光合速率(CO2) Net photosynthetic rate (μmol m-2 s-1)
冠层光合能力 Canopy photosynthesis ability (Pn×LAI)
2018
CK
18.92 a
62.72 b
14.69 a
39.81 b
YE
19.47 a
80.52 a
14.92 a
55.96 a
HY
19.55 a
83.69 a
15.59 a
60.41 a
2019
CK
19.45 a
65.74 b
15.83 a
44.64 b
YE
20.22 a
86.34 a
16.36 a
62.41 a
HY
20.68 a
89.34 a
16.88 a
66.59 a
不同小写字母表示在同一年份同一生育期不同处理间在0.05水平上差异显著。处理同表1。 Values followed by different lowercase letters in the same growth stage and the same year are significantly different among treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1.
Table 5 表5 表5不同栽培模式下马铃薯块茎膨大前后干物质积累与转运 Table 5Dry matter distribution and accumulation before and after potato tuber expansion under different cultivation modes
年份 Year
处理 Treatment
块茎膨大前干物质 转运量DMT (kg hm-2)
块茎膨大前干物质 转运率DMTE (%)
块茎膨大后同化物输入 块茎量PEA (kg hm-2)
同化物对块茎的 贡献率CPAT (%)
2017
CK
2800 b
47.07 a
2406 c
46.22 c
YE
2879 b
25.66 b
5046 a
63.67 a
HY
3207 a
29.57 b
4765 b
59.78 b
2018
CK
2124 b
70.03 a
2747 b
56.39 c
YE
2427 a
36.38 b
4662 a
65.76 a
HY
2401 a
35.74 c
4606 a
65.73 a
2019
CK
2107 b
68.75 a
3111 b
59.61 b
YE
2236 a
34.11 b
4654 a
67.55 a
HY
2298 a
33.68 b
4612 a
66.74 a
不同小写字母表示在同一年份不同处理间在0.05水平上差异显著。处理同表1。 DMT: dry matter translocation; DMTE: dry matter translocation efficiency; PEA: post-expansion of tuber dry matter accumulation; CPAT: contribution of post-expansion of tuber assimilates to tuber. Values followed by different lowercase letters in the same year are significantly different among treatments at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1.
处理同表1。不同小写字母表示同一年份不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。 Fig. 4Yield level, evapotranspiration, and water use efficiency of potato under different cultivation models
Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Different small letters in the same year mean significant difference among different treatments at the 0.05 probability level.
Table 6 表6 表6不同栽培模式下马铃薯肥料积累与利用(2019年) Table 6Fertilizer accumulation and utilization of potato under different cultivation models in 2019
指标Item
CK
YE
HY
N
氮素总积累量NTA (kg hm-2)
330.04±5.29 b
389.05±11.32 a
397.54±7.14 a
氮素利用效率NUE (kg kg-1)
81.58±0.26 b
93.99±1.65 a
91.67±2.55 a
氮素收获指数NHI
0.78±0.001 b
0.81±0.001 a
0.79±0.015 b
P
磷素总积累量PTA (kg hm-2)
24.59±1.18 c
28.45±1.01 b
34.98±0.03 a
磷素利用效率PUE (kg kg-1)
1096.72±66.52 b
1285.33±14.38 a
1041.50±11.11 b
磷素收获指数PHI
0.81±0.015 a
0.81±0.034 a
0.82±0.001 a
K
钾素总积累量KTA (kg hm-2)
115.34±1.25 b
165.56±6.54 a
164.43±8.44 a
钾素利用效率KUE (kg kg-1)
233.43±0.47 a
220.89±1.57 b
221.81±9.21 b
钾素收获指数KHI
0.77±0.022 b
0.83±0.079 a
0.88±0.024 a
同列不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。处理同表1。 NTA: nitrogen total accumulation; NUE: nitrogen use efficiency; NHI: nitrogen harvest index; PTA: phosphorus total accumulation; PUE: phosphorus use efficiency; PHI: phosphorus harvest index; KTA: K total accumulation; KUE: K use efficiency; KHI: K harvest index. Values within a column followed by different lowercase letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1.
Table 7 表7 表7不同栽培模式对马铃薯经济收益的影响 Table 7Effects on profit of different cultivation models in potato
年份 Year
处理 Treatment
商品率 Commodity rate (%)
商品产量 Commodity yield (kg hm-2)
非商品产量Non-commodity yield (kg hm-2)
经济收益Benefit (Yuan hm-2)
生产资料投入 Production materials input (Yuan hm-2)
劳力投入Labor input (Yuan hm-2)
燃油投入 Fuel input (Yuan hm-2)
纯收益 Profit (Yuan hm-2)
2017
CK
49.76 c
12,887 b
13,011 b
23,271 b
4809
6720
750
10,992 c
YE
62.53 b
27,828 a
16,679 a
43,401 a
9837
9600
750
23,214 a
HY
71.50 a
29,199 a
11,636 b
42,020 a
11,305
10,000
750
19,965 b
2018
CK
64.14 c
16,047 b
8972 a
24,639 b
4809
6720
750
12,360 b
YE
79.90 a
28,066 a
7060 a
37,916 a
9837
9600
750
17,729 a
HY
75.27 b
28,518 a
9371 a
39,845 a
11,305
10,000
750
17,790 a
2019
CK
49.00 b
13,589 b
14,144 a
24,793 b
4809
6720
750
12,514 b
YE
68.43 a
25,123 a
11,590 b
37,102 a
9837
9600
750
16,915 a
HY
69.94 a
26,230 a
11,274 b
38,240 a
11,305
10,000
750
16,185 a
商品薯价格1.2元 kg-1, 非商品薯价格0.6元 kg-1。生产资料投入包括肥料、地膜、种子, CK分别为1020、0、3789元 hm-2, 合计4809元 hm-2; YE分别为3435、1350、5052元 hm-2, 合计9837元 hm-2; HY分别为4271、1350、5684元 hm-2, 合计11,305元 hm-2。同列不同小写字母表示同一年份不同处理间在0.05水平上差异显著。 The price of commodity and non-commodity tuber were 1.2 and 0.6 Yuan per kg, respectively. The production materials input included fertilizer, plastic film and seed, CK were 1020, 0, 3789 Yuan hm-2, respectively, and the total was 4809 Yuan hm-2. YE were 3435, 1350, 5052 Yuan hm-2, respectively, and the total was 9837 Yuan hm-2. HY were 4271, 1350, 5684 Yuan hm-2, respectively, and the total were 11,305 Yuan hm-2. Values followed by different lowercase letters within a column in the same year are signify cantly different among treatments at the 0.05 probability level.
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