李小娟¹，徐佳燕¹，张剑宇²，陈何勋¹，李 楠³，刘宪华³，尹乃毅⁴，徐开钦⁵，陈晓晨¹
AuthorsHTML:李小娟¹，徐佳燕¹，张剑宇²，陈何勋¹，李 楠³，刘宪华³，尹乃毅⁴，徐开钦⁵，陈晓晨¹
AuthorsListE:Li Xiaojuan¹，Xu Jiayan¹，Zhang Jianyu²，Chen Hexun¹，Li Nan³，Liu Xianhua³，Yin Naiyi⁴，Xu Kaiqin⁵，Chen Xiaochen¹
AuthorsHTMLE:Li Xiaojuan¹，Xu Jiayan¹，Zhang Jianyu²，Chen Hexun¹，Li Nan³，Liu Xianhua³，Yin Naiyi⁴，Xu Kaiqin⁵，Chen Xiaochen¹
Unit:1. 福州大学环境与资源学院福建省农村废弃物绿色循环技术工程研究中心，福州 350108；
2. 江苏隆昌化工有限公司，如皋 226532；3. 天津大学环境科学与工程学院，天津 300072；
4. 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院，北京 101408；
5. 国立环境研究所资源循环废弃物研究中心，日本筑波 305-8506
Unit_EngLish:1. Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology，College of Environment and Resources，Fuzhou University，Fuzhou 350108，China；
2. Jiangsu Longchang Chemical Co.，Ltd.，Rugao 226532，China；
3. School of Environmental Science and Engineering，Tianjin University，Tianjin 300072，China；
4. College of Resources and Environment，University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 101408，China；
5. Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research，National Institute for Environmental Studies，Tsukuba 305-8506，Japan
Abstract_Chinese:以福州大学城区域为研究区，采用传统土壤采样分析以及多元统计学、地统计学相结合的方法，解析小尺度下城市表层土壤中8种重金属的空间分布和来源；进而针对部分“超标”土壤样品，分别采用国家推荐方法和先进的in vitro试验方法进行土壤重金属经口部摄入途径的健康风险评估和对比研究．结果表明：研究区土壤整体上不存在严重的重金属污染问题，但有个别土样Pb和Cr(Ⅵ)含量超过了最新国家标准的筛选值；土壤中Cd、Cu、Pb、Cr、Ni、Zn等重金属主要来源于交通及机动车辆，需要注意防控；国家推荐方法得出土样Pb存在的非致癌风险达到可接受限值的1.53倍，土样Cd、Ni以及两个土样Cr(Ⅵ)存在的致癌风险则达可接受限值的1.01～43.50倍，而in vitro试验方法揭示仅有土样Pb的健康风险较高，胃阶段Pb对其每周允许摄入量(PTWI)的贡献率达到41%(成人)和149%(儿童)，小肠阶段则显著降低至5%(成人)和18%(儿童)；由于in vitro试验方法是以重金属的生物可给性/生物有效性为其风险评估的依据，被认为相对科学准确，不易产生对风险的过高估计，因此建议将其引入今后的土壤污染调查工作．本研究为相关城市的规划管理提供有价值的参考，并对我国土壤污染调查技术手段的持续改进给予启示．
Abstract_English:The study was carried out in a small urban area of Fuzhou University Town, China. Traditional sampling and analysis techniques, together with multivariate statistical and geostatistical tools, were applied to investigate the spatial distribution and sources of eight heavy metals in the top soil. For polluted soil samples, the method recommended by Ministry of Environmental Protection and the advanced in vitro test method were used for the comparative study of the health risks of soil heavy metals through oral ingestion pathway. The results showed that in general there was no serious heavy metal pollution problem, though the Pb and Cr(Ⅵ) concentrations of some soil samples exceeded the screening values of the latest Chinese national standards for soil environmental quality. Besides, local transportation and vehicles were found to be the main source of heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Zn, and this source should be paid due attention. Regarding the results of health risk assessment, the Chinese national recommendation method demonstrated that the noncarcinogenic risk of sample Pb was 1.53 times the acceptable value, and the carcinogenic risks of sample Cd, sample Ni, and two samples Cr(Ⅵ) were 1.01—43.5 times the acceptable values. In comparison, the in vitro test method revealed that only the health risk of sample Pb was noteworthy; in terms of the contributions to the PTWI of Pb, the risks reached 41% for adults and 149% for children in the stomach phase, and significantly decreased to 5% for adults and 18% for children in the following small intestinal phase. The in vitro test method was developed based on the bioaccessibility/bioavailability of soil heavy metals, and thus, it is considered more scientifically sound, without overestimating the health risks. Hence, it is recommended that this test be introduced in future soil pollution surveys. This study provides valuable reference for local urban planning and management, while also serving as an inspiration for the continuous improvement of the soil pollution survey techniques in China.
Keyword_Chinese:城市土壤；重金属；空间分布；污染源；健康风险评估；in vitro 试验；生物可给性；生物有效性
Keywords_English:urban soil；heavy metal；spatial distribution；pollution source；health risk assessment；in vitro test；bioaccessibility；bioavailability

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