梁超, 练继建, 马斌, 梁帅
AuthorsHTML:梁超, 练继建, 马斌, 梁帅
AuthorsListE:Liang Chao, Lian Jijian, Ma Bin, Liang Shuai
AuthorsHTMLE:Liang Chao, Lian Jijian, Ma Bin, Liang Shuai
Unit:天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室，天津 300350
Unit_EngLish:State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
Abstract_Chinese:护坡不护底的天然水垫塘常具有优越的下游水垫条件, 相对于底部基岩, 护坡的运行安全更加需要关注．而且, 水垫塘护坡破坏的工程事故时有发生．依托乌东德水弹性模型, 模拟了护坡板块止水局部破坏的最不利情况, 考虑不排水、封闭自排、封闭抽排和透水板块等4种结构型式, 对板块与基岩间隙和板块靠水垫塘一侧表面的时均及脉动压强差进行了研究, 并通过加密测点、控制缝隙、板块开槽及倾斜钻孔等手段保证结果与实际相符．设计工况下, 不排水板块受到的瞬时压强差峰值较大, 严重威胁护坡运行安全, 封闭自排和透水板块能够有效平衡间隙内外压强, 受力条件较好; 透水板块间隙内外脉压相关性最高, 不排水板块最低, 封闭自排板块相关性与测点到排水孔距离成反比, 与实际相符．运用随机过程时空相关函数, 阐明了护坡板块破坏主要是由于间隙内外水位差产生的时均压强和背/迎水面脉动不相关性导致, 与背/迎水面流速和相位差无关．综合考虑各种板块结构的特点, 提出了护坡板块优化型式推荐方案．
Abstract_English:Generally，the natural cushion pool with lining slope but no bottom protection is applied when the water cushion is very deep. Compared with the bottom slab，more attention should be paid to the security of the lining slope in the operation process. Recently，structural damage of the lining slope occurred in a large hydraulic complex. Based on the hydroelastic model of Wudongde arch dam，the most adverse circumstance is simulated when the water stop is partially invalid and four types of slope plate structure(i. e.，impervious plate，plate equipped with drainpipe，plate equipped with drainpipe and pump and plate with permeable holes)are considered in model tests. The fluctuation pressures on the positive side and back surface of the lining slope are measured and the difference between the pressure histories is studied. In order to make the experimental results compatible with the actual condition，some measures(such as high-density measuring points，precise control of gap width，consideration of drain groove，and hole-drilling along the inclined direction)are adopted. Under the design operating condition，the aforementioned fluctuation pressure difference is large for the impervious plate but quite small for the other plates; the relevance between the fluctuation pressure histories is inversely proportional to the permeability，which is consistent with the reality. Based on the spatio-temporal correlation function for stochastic process，the failure mechanism for the lining slope is clarified，i. e.，the failure of the lining slope is mainly due to the difference between water elevations(which induces time-average pressure)and the irrelevance between fluctuating pressures measured in the gap and on the outside surface. Moreover，the lining slope failure is independent of fluctuating pressure phase difference. An optimization scheme of lining slope structure is presented with the comprehensive consideration of various factors.
Keyword_Chinese:天然水垫塘; 护坡板块; 结构优化; 压强差; 时空相关性分析
Keywords_English:natural cushion pool; slope lining plate; structural optimization; fluctuation pressure difference; spatio-temporal correlation analysis

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