马艳^1,2,3, 郭丽娜², 郝燕²
1.青岛市气象灾害防御工程技术研究中心, 山东 青岛 266003;2.青岛市气象局, 山东 青岛 266003;3.山东省气象防灾减灾重点实验室, 山东 济南 250031

摘要:
利用1949—2020年中国台风年鉴和热带气旋资料，结合青岛地面气象观测记录，从热带气旋频数、周期、强度以及给青岛地区带来的降水等方面分析了影响青岛的热带气旋气候特征。分析表明：1）1949—2020年影响青岛的热带气旋个数整体呈现为减少的特点，热带气旋个数多呈现出了2a~4a的显著变化周期。2）登陆转向和登陆北上类路径占8类影响青岛的热带气旋路径的47.9%，7月份影响青岛的热带气旋以登陆北上类型为主，9月份的以登陆转向类型为主。3）影响青岛的热带气旋强度整体呈现为减弱的特点，年代际变化特征明显；气旋北上开始影响青岛期间的热带气旋强度变化不明显。4）不同路径热带气旋带给青岛地区强降水具有空间差异性，登陆北上类热带气旋带给青岛地区最强的日降水量和过程降水量，近海转向类和远海影响类带来降水较小。
关键词:热带气旋青岛气候特征
DOI：10.11759/hykx20210121001
分类号:P466
基金项目:青岛沿海地区大风预报预警技术研究与应用（2019qdqxz01）

Climate characteristics of tropical cyclones affecting Qingdao during 1949–2020
MA Yan^1,2,3, GUO Li-na², HAO Yan²
1.Qingdao Engineering Technology Research Center for Meteorological Disaster Prevention, Qingdao 266003, China;2.Qingdao Meteorological Bureau, Qingdao 266003, China;3.Key Laboratoray for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Shandong, Jinan 250031, China
Abstract:
The climate characteristics of tropical cyclones affecting Qingdao during 1949-2020 were analyzed in terms of numbers, period, intensity, and precipitation caused by tropical cyclones. For this analysis, Typhoon Yearbook, tropical cyclone data as well as surface observations in the region of Qingdao were used. The results showed that the tropical cyclone numbers affecting Qingdao tended to decrease and mostly took on the feature of 2a to 4a period. The tracks of the tropical cyclones affecting the area were classified into eight categories, and those changing directions or moving northward after making landfall accounted for 47.9%. The track of making landfall and then moving northward was dominant in July, whereas the track that steered after landfall was mainly dominant in September. The intensity of tropical cyclones affecting Qingdao showed a weakening tendency with a clear decadal feature. During the period in which tropical cyclones affected Qingdao, the variation in tropical cyclone strength was not obvious. There was a clear spatial difference in the heavy precipitation area for various tracks. Tropical cyclones with the track of making landfall and then moving northward caused the strongest daily and process precipitation in the Qingdao region. In contrast, tropical cyclones with offshore steering tracks and tracks at the ocean had less influence on the rainfall.
Key words:tropical cycloneQingdaoclimate characteristics





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