刘鹏霞¹, 刘子洲¹, 翟方国¹, 顾艳镇¹, 何健龙², 靳洋², 何鑫², 陈爱华³
1.中国海洋大学海洋与大气学院, 山东 青岛 266100;2.山东省海洋资源与环境研究院, 山东 烟台 264006;3.乳山市海洋监测中心, 山东 威海 264500

摘要:
山东半岛沿岸海域陆海相互作用强烈，有着复杂水动力环境的同时也是我国重要的渔业资源区和水产养殖区，针对其DO时空变化特征及影响机制的研究具有重要意义。本文基于2015—2017年期间的监测数据，研究了山东半岛东部近海海水溶解氧的时空变化特征，并结合实测的温度、盐度、pH数据探究其影响机制。结果表明：表、底层溶解氧的空间分布形态基本一致，水平上呈现出北高南低、外海高近岸低、湾内低于湾外的块状分布特点，垂向上表层高于底层。在监测期间内，溶解氧的季节变化规律为春季最高，夏季最低，具体表现为3月>5月>10月>8月，乳山湾等海湾处的季节波动较大；表底层溶解氧的年际变化略有不同，但均趋于稳定，靖海湾和五垒岛湾近海溶解氧的年际变化显著。表观耗氧量在整个研究阶段的均值为–0.33 mg/L，呈现出基本平衡状态，但乳山湾沿岸海域受到陆源输入有机物的显著影响，贫氧状况频发。监测期间，溶解氧与海水温度呈显著负相关，两者相关系数高达–0.95，其中成山头至石岛海域的溶解氧浓度高值区与当地的低温海水相对应；盐度对溶解氧的影响则相对较弱；有机污染物的聚集常造成乳山湾近岸海域的pH异常，其大量耗氧是导致当地为溶解氧浓度低值区的重要原因。
关键词:山东半岛溶解氧时空分布表观耗氧量
DOI：10.11759/hykx20200521001
分类号:P76
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41776012）；国家重点研发计划（2019YFD0901305）；山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目（2017-2020）

Temporal-spatial variations in dissolved oxygen in the eastern coastal area of the Shandong Peninsula
LIU Peng-xia¹, LIU Zi-zhou¹, ZHAI Fang-guo¹, GU Yan-zhen¹, HE Jian-long², JIN Yang², HE Xin², CHEN Ai-hua³
1.College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;2.Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China;3.Rushan Marine Monitoring Center, Weihai 264500, China
Abstract:
The Shandong Peninsula has a strong land and sea interaction. The coastal sea area of the Shandong Peninsula is important for studying the temporal-spatial variation characteristics of dissolved oxygen (DO) and its influence mechanism because it is an important fishery and aquaculture area in China. The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of DO in the eastern coastal waters of the Shandong Peninsula were investigated using the observation data from 2015 to 2017. Simultaneously, the effect mechanism was explored using in situ temperature, salinity, and pH data. Results showed that the DO spatial distribution pattern in the bottom layer is nearly identical to that of the surface layer. Moreover, an obvious block distribution characteristic exists:the DO is high in the north and low in the south, high in the open sea and low in the nearshore, lower in the bay than the outside, and higher at the surface than at the bottom. The DO concentration was highest in the spring and lowest in the summer over the research period. The specific variation is March > May > October > August. Affected by freshwater runoff and terrigenous elements, Rushan Bay has considerable seasonal fluctuations. The interannual variability in the DO of the bottom layer differs slightly from that in the surface layer. Nevertheless, both tend to be stable, and Jinghai and Wuleidao Bays have significant interannual variance. The average apparent oxygen consumption for the whole study period was -0.33 mg/L, indicating that DO was in a basic equilibrium state. However, recurrent oxygen deficiency occurs in the coastal waters of Rushan Bay owing to the strong oxygen consumption of organic materials. A significant negative correlation existed between the DO and sea temperature over the study period, with a correlation coefficient as high as -0.95. From Chengshan Cape to Shidao, the area with a high DO content corresponds to the local low-temperature seawater, whereas salinity has a relatively modest effect on DO. The pH in Rushan Bay and coastal sea areas is often beyond the water quality standard range due to organic pollution accumulation, which is another key factor contributing to the low DO concentration in area III.
Key words:Shandong Peninsuladissolved oxygenspatial and temporal variationapparent oxygen utilization





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