陈雪^1,2, 贺强³, 辛沛⁴, 龚政², 周曾², 张长宽¹
1.河海大学江苏省海岸海洋资源开发与环境安全重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210098;2.河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210098;3.复旦大学生命科学学院 上海 200438;4.河海大学水利水电学院, 江苏 南京 210098

摘要:
河口海岸潮滩是具有较高生物生产力和生物多样性的生态系统。蟹类作为一种典型的生态系统工程师，分布广泛、种类繁多，可影响整个潮滩生态系统的物质与能量循环。蟹类的分布与盐度、淹水时长、湿度、温度、底质等非生物因子有关，也与植被、捕食作用、种内种间竞争等生物因子和人类活动有关。蟹类挖掘洞穴，形成了优先排水通道，增加了土壤蒸发速率，改变了孔隙水循环以及土壤的物理化学性质，进而可影响潮滩泥沙稳定性以及微地貌形态，甚至会影响中长期潮滩地貌演变。目前，蟹类对于沉积物稳定性、泥沙输运规律、微地貌演变的影响依然有待深入研究，有必要开展中长期现场观测和试验、多因子驱动下系统演变数值模拟以及综合分析，推动相关研究从定性向定量层面迈进。
关键词:生物扰动泥沙输运动力地貌蟹类生态系统工程师
DOI：10.11759/hykx20200726001
分类号:
基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目（51620105005）；江苏省优秀青年科学基金项目（BK20200077）

Research progress on the biological disturbed behavior process of crabs in the tidal flats of estuaries and coasts
CHEN Xue^1,2, HE Qiang³, XIN Pei⁴, GONG Zheng², ZHOU Zeng², ZHANG Chang-kuan¹
1.Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coast Ocean Resources Development and Environment Security, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;2.State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing 210098, China;3.School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China;4.College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
Abstract:
Tidal flats of estuaries and coasts are among the most productive ecosystems with high biodiversity. As typical ecosystem engineers, crabs have a wide distribution and a great diversity, and affect material and energy cycles in tidal flats. The distribution of crabs is related to abiotic factors (e.g., salinity, submergence time, humidity, temperature, and substrate) and biological factors (e.g., vegetation, predation, intraspecific competition and human disturbance). Crab burrowing promotes soil drainage, increases soil evaporation and changes pore water circulation. By burrowing, crabs affect the sediments in both physical and chemical properties. Therefore, the existence of burrows changes the stability of sediments and micro-geomorphology of tidal flats, which even affects the evolution of tidal flat in the medium and long term. However, the influence of crabs on sediment stability, transport, and micro-geomorphology remains elusive and need to be clarified. It is pointed out that, for future researches, more effort should be devoted to the promotion of related studies from qualitative to quantitative level, the middle-to long-period observation and experiments, the numerical simulation and systematic analysis of multiple factors.
Key words:bioturbationsediment transportdynamic morphologycrabecosystem engineer





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