翟方国¹, 顾艳镇¹, 李培良², 孙利元³, 李欣¹, 陈栋², 李琳¹, 刘子洲¹, 姜庆岩², 刘兴传¹, 刘鹏霞¹, 陈耀祖¹
1.中国海洋大学海洋与大气学院, 山东 青岛 266100;2.浙江大学 海洋学院, 浙江 舟山 316021;3.山东省水生生物资源养护管理中心, 山东 烟台 264003

摘要:
在全球气候变化的背景下，现代化海洋牧场是我国应对近海生态环境恶化和渔业资源衰退、实现海洋生态文明和海洋强国战略的重要手段。而海洋牧场观测网是科学指导现代化海洋牧场建设，并进行科学管理的重要基础。为了保障现代化海洋牧场的可持续健康发展，山东省于2015年底开始在各海洋牧场建设生态环境海底观测站，并组网建成世界先进的海洋牧场观测网，目前已覆盖23处海洋牧场。设立观测网预警中心，负责海洋牧场观测网的日常运行和维护，同时开展水域多学科耦合过程的基础研究和业务化辅助决策的应用服务。海洋牧场观测网的建立和业务化运行初步实现了海洋牧场生态环境和渔业资源的"可测"、"可视"、"可控"和"可预警"。目前，我国现代化海洋牧场观测网的科学发展仍面临诸多挑战，建议进一步增强观测设备的自主研发能力和长期在线监测的稳定性，跨介质立体组网、实现海洋牧场的全方位立体监测，深化多学科耦合过程的基础研究并提供多元业务化辅助决策应用服务，为现代化海洋牧场的高质量发展保驾护航。
关键词:海洋牧场观测网海底有缆在线监测生态环境渔业资源山东省
DOI：10.11759/hykx20200623002
分类号:P715
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41776012）；国家重点研发计划（2019YFD0901305）；浙江省重点研发计划（2020C03012）；三亚崖州湾科技城管理局重大科技项目（YZ2019ZD0X）

Construction and development of marine ranch observation network in Shandong Province
ZHAI Fang-guo¹, GU Yan-zhen¹, LI Pei-liang², SUN Li-yuan³, LI Xin¹, CHEN Dong², LI Lin¹, LIU Zi-zhou¹, JIANG Qing-yan², LIU Xing-chuan¹, LIU Peng-xia¹, CHEN Yao-zu¹
1.College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;2.Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China;3.Shandong Hydrobios Resources Conservation and Management Center, Yantai 264003, China
Abstract:
In the context of global climate change, modern marine ranches have been considered an important means to cope with the deterioration of offshore ecological environments and decline of fishery resources, as well as to realize the strategy of marine ecological civilization and marine power. A marine ranch observation network is an important basis for scientifically guiding the construction and realizing the scientific management of modern marine ranches. To ensure a sustainable and healthy development of modern marine ranches, Shandong Province began constructing submarine observation stations to monitor the ecological environment in various marine ranches since the end of 2015, and it eventually built a world-leading marine ranch observation network. Currently, the observation network covers 23 marine ranches. An early warning center is set for the daily operation and maintenance of the marine ranch observation network. Moreover, it performs basic research on the multidisciplinary coupling processes in the marine ranching areas and provides operational services for auxiliary decision-making. The establishment and commercial operation of the marine ranch observation network has made the ecological environment and fishery resources in the marine ranching areas "measurable", "visual", "controllable", and "pre-warnable". At present, there are still many challenges in the scientific development of the observation networks of China's modern marine ranches. In the future, it is recommended to further enhance the independent research and development capabilities of observation instruments and the stability of long-term online monitoring, realize all-round three-dimensional (3D) monitoring of marine ranches through cross-media 3D networking, deepen the basic research on multidisciplinary coupling processes in the marine ranching areas, and provide multiple business-assisted decision-making application services.
Key words:marine ranchobservation networksubmarine cable online observationecological environmentfishery resourceShandong Province





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