陈孟玲¹, 高菲^1,2, 王新元¹, 魏一凡¹, 许强^1,2, 刘春胜^1,2
1.海南大学 海洋学院, 海南 海口 570228;2.海南大学 南海海洋资源利用国家重点实验室, 海南 海口 570228

摘要:
为了研究微塑料对黑海参（Holothuria atra）免疫及消化生理的影响，将体重为（47.61±6.97）g的黑海参暴露于添加了不同浓度（0、10²、10⁴、10⁶粒/L）聚苯乙烯微塑料的海水中，分析了黑海参的免疫和消化生理指标的变化情况。结果表明，海水中的微塑料浓度对黑海参体腔细胞的数量和吞噬活性，体腔液中酸性磷酸酶（ACP）、溶菌酶（LZM）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性均有显著影响（P<0.05），而对碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性没有显著影响。随着微塑料浓度升高，黑海参的体腔细胞数量以及体腔液中ACP、LZM和SOD活性呈先持续增加后降低的趋势，体腔细胞数量、体腔液中ACP活性均在10⁴粒/L浓度达到峰值，体腔液中LZM和SOD活性则在10²粒/L浓度达到峰值；而体腔细胞的吞噬活性随着微塑料浓度的增加而持续增加。黑海参消化道内的淀粉酶受海水中的微塑料浓度的影响显著（P<0.05），胰蛋白酶活性和脂肪酶活性没有显著变化。随着微塑料浓度升高，黑海参肠道淀粉酶活性呈先持续增加，在10⁴粒/L浓度达到峰值，而后又降低；胰蛋白酶活性随着微塑料浓度的增加持续增加；而三种微塑料浓度下黑海参的脂肪酶活性均低于空白组。由此可见，海水中添加微塑料后，黑海参体内产生了免疫防御反应，并倾向于优先消化淀粉和蛋白质以快速获取能量从而适应周围环境的改变；海水中高浓度的微塑料可能对黑海参的体腔细胞结构产生损伤，导致其免疫防御能力下降，影响其正常生理活动。
关键词:微塑料黑海参免疫消化
DOI：10.11759/hykx20201023002
分类号:S917.4
基金项目:国家自然科学基金（41766005）；国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项（2019YFD0901304）；海南大学科研启动基金资助项目（KYQD（ZR）1703）

Effects of microplastics on immunity and digestion of sea cucumber, Holothuria atra
CHEN Meng-ling¹, GAO Fei^1,2, WANG Xin-yuan¹, WEI Yi-fan¹, XU Qiang^1,2, LIU Chun-sheng^1,2
1.College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;2.State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
Abstract:
To investigate the effects of microplastics on the immunity and digestion of sea cucumber, Holothuria atra was exposed to four different concentrations (0, 10², 10⁴, and 10⁶ items/L) of polystyrene microplastics. The results showed that microplastics exerted significant effects on the total coelomocyte count, phagocytic activity of coelomocytes, and activities of lysozyme (LZM), acid phosphatase (ACP), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in coelomic fluid (P<0.05). No significant impact on alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity was observed. An increase in microplastic exposure led to a sustained increase in the phagocytic activity of coelomocytes. Meanwhile, the total coelomocyte count and the activity of ACP increased as the microplastic concentration increased from 0 items/L to 10⁴ items/L, and decreased at 10⁶ items/L. In addition, the activities of LZM and SOD increased as the microplastic concentration increased from 0 items/L to 10² items/L, and decreased from 10⁴ items/L to 10⁶ items/L. The amylase (AMS) activity in the intestine of H. atra was significantly affected by the concentration of microplastics (P<0.05). However, no significant effect of microplastic concentration was observed on trypsin and lipase activities (P<0.05). The AMS activity increased and reached the maximum level when the microplastic concentration increased to 10⁴ items/L and then decreased at 10⁶ items/L. The trypsin activity increased continuously as the microplastic concentration increased, while the lipase activity in the three concentration groups of microplastics was lower than that in the control group. Thus, an increase in the microplastic exposure induced an immune defense in H. atra, while high concentrations of microplastics exposure may damage the morphological structure of coelomocytes, thereby leading to decreased resistance of H. atra and disrupting its physiological processes. Meanwhile, H. atra tended to choose nutrient materials that are easy to be digested, such as amylum and protein, rather than lipids. Such reaction in digestion enables H. atra to quickly gain the energy needed to adapt to environmental changes.
Key words:microplasticsHolothuria atraimmunitydigestion





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