摘要： 目的·了解我国辅助生殖科护士的工作压力、心理韧性、领悟社会支持、共情疲劳现状，在此基础上探讨其量性关系模型。方法·采用方便抽样法，于2020年9月—12月应用一般资料问卷、护士工作压力源量表、心理韧性量表、领悟社会支持量表与共情疲劳量表，对我国东、中、西部17个省市32所三级甲等医院的511名辅助生殖科护士进行问卷调研。通过基础统计学和结构方程模型，构建工作压力、心理韧性、领悟社会支持、共情疲劳间的量性关系模型，分析上述变量之间的关系及其他3个变量对我国辅助生殖科护士共情疲劳的影响。结果·辅助生殖科护士共情疲劳各维度的条目均分分别为共情满意（3.68±0.63）分、职业倦怠（2.39±0.52）分、继发性创伤应激（2.46±0.56）分，均处于中等水平；辅助生殖科护士的工作压力、心理韧性、领悟社会支持和共情疲劳之间具有相关性（均
P=0.000）。结构方程模型结果显示：工作压力对共情满意有直接负向作用（
β=-0.34，
P=0.000），对共情疲劳症状有直接正向作用（
β=0.25，
P=0.000）；心理韧性对共情满意有直接正向作用（
β=0.53，
P=0.000），对共情疲劳症状有直接负向作用（
β= -0.29，
P=0.000）；心理韧性在工作压力和共情疲劳症状之间、工作压力与共情满意之间起到中介作用；领悟社会支持对共情满意和共情疲劳症状作用不显著。结论·我国辅助生殖科护士共情疲劳受多种因素影响，其中心理韧性对于提高共情满意的作用显著。建议从提升护士的心理韧性着手，采取有效措施提高护士的心理韧性，降低护士共情疲劳的发生率，从而提高护理质量。
关键词: 共情疲劳, 工作压力, 心理韧性, 领悟社会支持, 护士, 辅助生殖技术 Abstract: Objective·To understand the current status of work stress, psychological resilience, perceived social support, and compassion fatigue among assisted reproduction department nurses in China, and explore their quantitative relationship model on this basis.
Methods·Using a convenience sampling method, 511 assisted reproduction department nurses from 32 tertiary hospitals in 17 provinces and cities in the eastern, central and western economic regions of China were surveyed from September to December 2020 with using a general information questionnaire, the Nurses' Work Stressor Scale, the Mental Toughness Scale, the Appreciative Social Support Scale and the Compassion Fatigue Scale. Through basic statistics and structural equation modeling, we constructed a quantitative relationship model among work stress, psychological resilience, perceived social support, and compassion fatigue, and analyzed the relationships among these variables and their effects on compassion fatigue among assisted reproduction department nurses in China.
Results·The mean item scores of the dimensions of compassion fatigue among nurses in our assisted reproduction departments were compassion satisfaction (3.68±0.63), job burnout (2.39±0.52), and secondary traumatic stress (2.46±0.56), all of which were at moderate levels; there was a correlation between work stress, psychological resilience, perceived social support, and compassion fatigue among nurses in assisted reproduction departments (all P=0.000).The results of structural equation modeling showed that job stress had a direct negative effect on compassion satisfaction (β=-0.34, P=0.000), a direct positive effect on compassion fatigue symptoms (β=0.25, P=0.000); psychological resilience had a direct positive effect on compassion satisfaction (β=0.53, P=0.000), and a direct negative effect on compassion fatigue symptoms (β=-0.29, P=0.000); psychological resilience mediated the effect between job stress and compassion fatigue symptoms and between job stress and compassion satisfaction, and appreciating the role of social support in compassion fatigue symptoms and compassion satisfaction was not significant.
Conclusion·Compassion fatigue of nurses in our assisted reproduction departments is affected by a variety of factors, among which the role of psychological resilience is significant in improving compassion satisfaction. It is recommended to start from enhancing the psychological resilience of nurses, take effective measures to improve the psychological resilience of nurses, reduce the incidence of compassion fatigue of nurses, and thus improve the quality of care.
Key words: compassion fatigue, work stress, psychological resilience, perceived social support, nurse, assisted reproductive technology PDF全文下载地址:
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