摘要： 目的·研制适用于我国手术室护士的工作压力源量表并检验其信度和效度。方法·根据文献回顾，结合手术室护士工作特点，通过手术室护理管理者及手术室护士2组焦点访谈形成47个条目的初稿。采用德尔菲专家咨询法对条目进行论证和修改，形成手术室护士工作压力源量表测试版。在上海市3所三级甲等医院的355名手术室护士中进行测试，根据项目分析和探索性因子分析结果进一步筛选条目和优化量表，并检验量表的信度和效度。结果·量表初稿经第1轮专家咨询，删除12个条目，修改8个条目；经第2轮专家咨询，形成35个条目的手术室护士工作压力源量表测试版，条目内容效度指数（item-level content validity index，I-CVI）均≥0.78，量表平均内容效度指数（scale-level average content validity index，S-CVI/Ave）为0.91。共发放问卷355份，有效回收率为100%。经项目分析，保留35个条目。经7次探索性因子分析，删除6个条目，余29个条目，共提取4个因子（“手术护理及患者护理方面的问题”“工作环境及工作量与时间分配方面的问题”“护理专业及发展方面的问题”“管理及人际关系方面的问题”）；4个因子累计方差解释率为72.162%。各维度与总分的相关系数高于维度间的相关系数，S-CVI/Ave为0.92，量表及4个维度的内部一致性Cronbach
's
α系数分别为0.969和0.936、0.938、0.872、0.943，折半信度Spearman-Brown系数为0.906，重测信度系数为0.946。结论·手术室护士工作压力源量表具有良好的信度和效度，可以用于测量手术室护士的工作压力来源及程度。
关键词: 手术室护士, 工作压力, 工作压力源, 量表, 信度, 效度 Abstract: Objective·To develop a scale for measurement of operating room nurses′ job stressor in China and analyze its reliability and validity.
Methods·According to the literature review, combined with the working characteristics of the nurses in operating rooms, the first draft with 47 items was formulated by two groups of focus interviews among the operating room nursing managers and the operating room nurses. And the items were demonstrated and modified by Delphi expert consultation method to formulate the test version of Operating Room Nurses′ Job Stressor Scale. A test was conducted among the 355 nurses in operating rooms in three tertiary level A hospitals in Shanghai. The items were further screened and the scale was optimized according to the results of item analysis and exploratory factor analysis, and the reliability and the validity of the scale were analyzed.
Results·Twelve items were deleted and 8 items were modified by the first round of expert consultation. The test version of Operating Room Nurses′ Job Stressor Scale with 35 items was formulated by the second round of expert consultation. Item-level content validity indexes (I-CVI) were all ≥0.78 and scale-level average content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.91. A total of 355 questionnaires were distributed and the effective recovery rate was 100%. Thirty-five items were retained after item analysis. After 7 times of exploratory factor analyses, 6 items were deleted and 29 items were remained. A total of four factors were extracted ( ??problems in surgical nursing and patient nursing'' ??problems in working environment, workload and time allocation'' ??problems in nursing specialty and development'' and ??problems in management and interpersonal relationship''). The cumulative variance explanation rate of the four factors was 72.162%. The correlation coefficient between each dimension and the total score was higher than that between dimensions. S-CVI/Ave was 0.92. The internal consistency Cronbach′s α of the scale was 0.969, and those of the four dimensions were 0.936, 0.938, 0.872, and 0.943, respectively. The split-half reliability Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.906. The retest reliability coefficient was 0.946.
Conclusion·Operating Room Nurses′ Job Stressor Scale has good reliability and validity, which can be used to measure the source and degree of working pressure for the nurses in operating rooms.
Key words: operating room nurse, working pressure, job stressor, scale, reliability, validity PDF全文下载地址:
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