摘要/Abstract

数十年来, 有机太阳能电池(organic solar cells, OSCs)的相关研究进展迅速, 其能量转换效率从2000年的不足5%, 发展至今已经超过18%, 而这主要得益于给体和非富勒烯受体有机光伏材料的不断推陈出新. 苯并三氮唑(benzotriazoles, BTA)作为一种经典的缺电子型杂环单元, 伴随着有机光伏领域的兴起与发展, 由BTA单元构筑的聚合物给体、小分子给体、非富勒烯小分子受体以及聚合物受体材料被不断地设计合成出来, 特别是J系列聚合物给体材料和Y系列非富勒烯受体材料. 伴随着材料体系的不断优化, 相关的分子设计策略也得到更新与完善, 以期从多角度对OSCs的性能有针对性的进行调控. 本综述旨在通过介绍基于BTA单元的有机光伏材料的相关研究进展以及与之相关的分子设计策略, 回顾BTA类光伏材料数十年来的发展历程, 并展望其未来的发展前景.
关键词: 有机光伏材料, 苯并三氮唑, 给体, 受体
Over the past two decades, organic solar cells (OSCs) have been developed rapidly with the power conversion efficiency rapidly rising from less than 5% to over 18%, which is mainly promoted by the development of various new donor and acceptor materials. As a typical electron-deficient penta-heterocycle, benzotriazoles (BTAs) derivates a variety of high-performance photovoltaic materials, including polymer donor, small-molecule donor materials, as well as non-fullerenes acceptor and polymer acceptor. Among them, the J series of polymer donors and Y series of non-fullerenes acceptors are typical examples, and thus are specially highlighted in this review. Meanwhile, molecular design strategies of those BTA-based photovoltaic materials have also been discussed. It shows that donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated strategy is still the most efficient thus far, where A units is the BTA unit or its derivatives, and D units commonly used in BTA-based photovoltaic materials are benzodithiophene, benzodifuran, dithienosilole, indacenodithiophene, thiophene,etc. The D-A strategy is both applied for donor molecules (with the molecular structure of D-A, D-π-A-π, D-A-D-A-D,etc.), and for acceptor molecules (with the molecular structure of A-D-A, A-π-D-π-A, A-DAD-A,etc.). By adjusting their molecular structures and/or pairing of differential D and A units, various properties such as absorption band and energy levels of molecules, as well as the morphology and charge carrier mobilities in OSCs can be well controlled. Furthermore, through side-chain engineering, such as flexible side-chains (alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthiol, alkylsilyl,etc.), conjugated side-chains (substituted-thiophene or benzene,etc.), electron-withdrawing groups (F atoms, Cl atoms, dicyanomethylene,etc.), their photovoltaic properties can be further regulated. Here, this review focuses on the research progress on BTA-based photovoltaic materials and related molecular design strategies developed in recent years, and also presents perspective on its future development.
Key words: organic photovoltaic material, benzotriazole, donor, acceptor


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