摘要/Abstract

精细化分离是石油化工生产的关键技术及研究热点之一, 其中C₂ (C₂H₂/C₂H₄和C₂H₄/C₂H₆)的高效精细分离更是现代化工过程中高质量生产的难点和新挑战. 传统的热驱动分离过程(如精馏分离和选择性催化加氢分离)存在能耗高、经济效益低的缺陷, 而采用非热驱动分离过程(如吸附分离和膜分离)可大幅度节能降耗. 在众多吸附分离材料中, 金属有机骨架(MOF)材料拥有庞大的组分/结构单元库, 其组成和孔结构的可控、可调特性为C₂的精细化高效分离带来了新的机遇. 以此为导向, 整理并归纳了近年来MOF⁺材料(MOF及其复合材料)的晶体和孔道参数, 分析其在高效分离C₂方面的科学研究成果, 针对MOF⁺材料的设计、可控制备、孔径调控机制等关键科学问题, 提出了未来MOF⁺材料的研究趋势.
关键词: 金属有机骨架材料, 复合材料, 孔径, C₂H₂/C₂H₄分离, C₂H₄/C₂H₆分离, 选择性
Fine separation of mixture is the primary importance technology and hot topic in the petrochemical industry. In particular, high-efficiency separation of C₂ (C₂H₂/C₂H₄ and C₂H₄/C₂H₆) is a difficult issue and challenge of the high-quality production in modern chemical process. Traditional heat-driven separation processes (e.g., fine distillation separation and selective catalytic hydrogenation separation) have the shortages of high energy consumption and low economic benefits. On the contrary, the processes with non-thermal driven separations (e.g., adsorptive and membrane-based separations) can greatly overcome these weaknesses. Among these adsorptive separation materials, metal-organic framework (MOF) materials own a huge various library of components/structure units. Their characters of controllable pore structures and adjustable compositions will bring about new opportunities for the high-efficiency refined separations. In this context, the crystals and pore parameters of MOF⁺ (MOF and its composites) materials in recent years were sorted out and summarized, the researches in the high-efficiency separation of MOF⁺ materials for C₂ were analyzed, and the key issues of the design, controllable preparation, and pore size control mechanism for MOF⁺ materials were focused on. In addition, the future research trend of MOF⁺ materials were also put forward.
Key words: metal-organic framework material, composite, pore size, C₂H₂/C₂H₄ separation, C₂H₄/C₂H₆ separation, selectivity


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