摘要/Abstract

现代工业的发展不断消耗煤、石油、天然气等碳化石燃料，并产生了大量的温室气体CO₂，使人类面临能源和环境的双重挑战，开发绿色能源、控制CO₂对环境的影响迫在眉睫.CO₂是一种廉价的碳源，可通过化学法、光化学法、电化学法或酶法等转化为高附加值含碳化学品，实现CO₂的资源化循环利用，是解决全球碳排放所带来的能源和环境危机的双赢策略.受CO₂胞内天然生物转化的启发，酶法为CO₂的循环利用带来了新的机遇，相比于传统的化学及光、电化学法，可表现出绿色、高效、温和、高选择性等优点，有望为CO₂高值化利用带来新的契机.有鉴于此，本文从胞内CO₂生物转化机理出发，综述了国内外近年来多种单酶及多酶级联催化CO₂高值化利用的最新研究进展，并交叉论述了固定化酶催化体系的构建、酶定向进化和改造、酶催化过程调控等内容，总结了酶法转化目前存在的缺陷和不足，并提出了展望，以期为酶法催化CO₂高值化利用提供一定的参考和借鉴.
关键词: CO₂, 酶法转化, 高值化, 还原, 级联催化, 能源, 环境
With the rapid development of modern industry, coal, petroleum, natural gas and other fossil fuels have been excessively consumed, along with an increasing large quantities of greenhouse gases (e.g. carbon dioxide, CO₂) are produced. It is urgent to develop sustainable green energy and abate the detriment of carbon dioxide on global environment. CO₂ is a cheap carbon source that can be converted into high value-added chemicals by chemical, photochemical, electrochemical or enzymatic methods to realize the recycling of CO₂. It is a win-win strategy to solve the energy and environmental crisis caused by global carbon emissions. Inspired by natural CO₂ metabolic process, enzymatic transformation provides an alternative strategy for efficient recycling of CO₂. Compared with traditional chemical, photochemical or electrochemical methods, the enzymatic route holds advantages of green, high efficiency, mild and excellent selectivity, which is expected to bring new revolutionary opportunities for efficient utilization of CO₂. Thus, in this present review, we firstly introduce the brief background about enzymatic conversion for CO₂ capture, sequestration and utilization. Next, we depict six major routes of the CO₂ metabolic process in cells, which are taken as the inspiration source for the construction of enzymatic systems in vitro. Subsequently, recent advances in enzymatic conversion of CO₂ that catalyzed by various single enzymes and multi-enzyme cascade systems are systematically reviewed. Some emerging approaches for construction of immobilized single-or multi-enzyme systems, directed evolution and artificial modification of enzymes, and cofactor regulation during the enzymatic processes are also discussed. Finally, the defects and shortcomings of enzymatic approaches are summarized, and the future perspectives are finally put forward. Based on this present review, we aim to provide theoretical reference and practical basis for more efficient enzymatic utilization of CO₂ to produce high value-added chemicals.
Key words: CO₂, enzymatic conversion, high value conversion, reduction, cascade catalysis, energy, environment


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