摘要/Abstract

有机氯化物已经被广泛应用到医药、农药及材料等领域. 此外, 有机氯化物也是重要的合成砌块, 作为起始原料参与到多种反应中, 例如自由基反应、取代反应以及偶联反应等. 烯烃的氢氯化反应是合成有机氯化物最直接高效的方法之一, 在过去三十年已经取得了很多突破性的成果. 系统介绍了近三十年烯烃氢氯化反应的研究进展, 按照是否涉及金属催化, 主要分为无金属参与的氢氯化反应和金属催化的氢氯化反应. 分别着重介绍了其相应的反应类型及相关机理, 并对今后的发展方向进行了展望.
关键词: 烯烃, 氢氯化反应, 氯化氢, 有机氯化物, 金属催化
Organochlorides have been widely used in medicine, pesticides, materials and other fields. In addition, organochlorides are also important synthetic building blocks. They have participated in a variety of reactions, such as free radical reactions, substitution reactions and cross-coupling reactions. The hydrochlorination of olefins is one of the most direct and efficient methods for the synthesis of organochlorides, and remakable breakthroughs have been made in the past thirty years. The research progress of olefin hydrochlorination in the past three decades is introduced. According to whether metal catalysis is involved, it is mainly classified into two categories: metal-free alkene hydrochlorination and metal-catalyzed alkene hydrochlorination. Different type of hydrochlorination reactions and related mechanisms are summarized. In addition, the future development direction of alkene hydrochlorination is prospected.
Key words: alkene, hydrochlorination, hydrogen chloride, organochloride, metal catalysis


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