摘要/Abstract
纤维素作为自然界中含量最丰富的天然聚合物, 存在于高等植物、棉花、藻类和细菌等各种物质中, 并且被科研工作者作为金属纳米粒子的负载材料用于有机合成和催化的研究中. 近代以来, 过渡金属催化领域发展迅猛, 但由于存在着成本高、分离难以及不可回收再利用等缺点, 所以越来越多的科研工作者利用纤维素及其衍生物负载过渡金属, 实现非均相催化. 从经济高效的角度来看, 纤维素及其衍生物负载廉价金属铜粒子, 不仅可以高效地参与各种类型的有机转化, 还能多次循环、再生利用, 解决了均相催化剂的诸多弊端, 实现绿色化学. 以不同类型纤维素铜催化剂的制备途径为线索, 对其催化的有机反应进行了综述, 主要涉及C—X键的构建、环加成、氧化、还原、光催化降解和电催化等反应类型, 为今后纤维素及其衍生物催化剂的广泛应用起到推动作用.
关键词: 纤维素负载铜催化剂, 功能化纤维素, 合成制备, 有机反应, 非均相催化
Cellulose, the most abundant natural polymer in nature, is found in vascular plant, cotton, algae and bacteria, and it can be widely employed in organic synthesis and catalytic chemistry as a loading material for metal nanoparticles. In modern times, the field of transition metal catalysis has been developed rapidly, but it has the disadvantages of high cost, difficulty of separation and non-recyclable reuse, thus more and more researchers use cellulose and its derivatives to carry out heterogeneous catalysis. From an economic and efficient point of view, cheap cellulose and its derivatives-loaded copper particles can not only participate in various types of organic conversion efficiently, but also can be recycled and reused many times, thus solving many disadvantages of homogeneous catalysts and achieving green process. The organic reactions catalyzed by different types of cellulose-supported copper catalysts are reviewed, including the construction of C—X bond, cycloaddition, oxidation, reduction, photocatalytic degradation and electrocatalysis. It will promote the application of cellulose and its derivatives-sup- ported catalysts in the future.
Key words: cellulose-supported copper catalyst, functional cellulose, synthesis, organic reaction, heterogeneous catalysis
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