摘要/Abstract

与传统N-O含能材料相比，N-F键调控的含能化合物因具有密度大、比冲高、与高热值金属燃烧放热量大等独特优势而受到各国研究人员的广泛关注.依据结构特点，N-F键含能化合物涵盖氟氮唑类含能化合物、二氟氨基二硝甲基化合物、偕二氟氨基化合物以及二氟氨基聚合物等4类含能化合物.综述了N-F键调控的含能化合物研究进展，重点探讨了N-F单键和二氟氨基引入策略以及其相关含能衍生物的合成技术途径，评述了典型氟氮含能化合物物化与爆轰性能.发展高效、安全、便捷的N-F键和二氟氨基合成方法，开发结构稳定、感度适中的新型N-氟唑类含能化合物、偕二氟氨基硝胺环状等高能量密度化合物将是含能材料领域重要的发展方向之一.
关键词: 含能材料, N—F键化合物, 二氟氨基, 合成, 爆轰性能
Compared with the traditional N-O bond-based energetic materials, N-F bond-regulated energetic materials have received worldwide research interest due to their special features of high density, high specific impulse, and high heat release upon combustion with metals. The N-F bond-regulated energetic materials are classified as N-F azoles, (difluoroamino)dinitromethyl-substituted derivatives, gem-bis(difluoramino)-substituted derivatives, and difluoroamino polymers according to their structural characteristics. The recent developments of N-F bond and difluoramino (NF₂) energetic derivatives are reviewed. The construction methodologies of N-F bond and difluoroamino groups as well as the synthetic routes to their energetic derivatives are emphatically reviewed. Moreover, the physicochemical and energetic properties of some typical compounds are briefly introduced. It will be the inevitable trend to develop effective, safe, and simple N-F bond and difluoraminiation preparation method, and novel high-performing N-F bond-based azoles and cyclic difluoramino-nitramines with moderate sensitivities and stable structures.
Key words: energetic materials, N-F bond compounds, difluoramino group, synthesis, detonation performances


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