摘要/Abstract

大部分抗生素、抗肿瘤、免疫抑制等天然药物是由I型聚酮合酶（PKS）合成的聚酮化合物.I型PKS是以模块形式存在的复合酶，其内每个模块含有多个催化功能域，每个模块负责完成一次链延伸反应.总结了近年I型PKS中催化功能域酰基转移酶（AT）的相关研究，分析了AT结构域的种类、转运多样性的底物、催化机制及其蛋白质结构，并介绍了通过AT结构域的替换、点突变和互补设计新型聚酮衍生物的相关探索，从而阐明AT结构域底物选择性是决定聚酮化合物产物多样性的关键因素之一，为人工构建新型聚酮化合物的高效生物合成路线奠定理论基础.
关键词: AT结构域, 底物专一性, 催化机制, I型PKS, 聚酮化合物
Most polyketide natural compounds, such as antibiotics, antineoplastics and immunosuppressants, are produced by type I polyketide synthases (PKSs). Type I PKSs are composed of several catalytic modules, each of which contains iterative domains, such as acyltransferase (AT) domain, for one round of polyketide chain elongation. The recent advances on AT domains of type I PKS modules and analyzes their categories, the diverse acyl subunits they transfer, their catalytic mechanisms and their protein structures are summarized. Moreover, the recent progress in AT engineering (AT domains swaps, AT site-directed mutagenesis and trans-AT complementation) for new polyketide derivatives is summarized, to show that the substrate specificity of AT domains is one of the key factors on determining the diversity of polyketide backbones. These works have laid a theoretical foundation for the further development of novel polyketides with multi-functions and in high-yields by AT domain engineering.
Key words: AT domain, substrate specificity, catalytic mechanism, type I PKS, polyketide


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