Prof. Melody CHAO
Associate Professor,
Associate Director (Undergraduate Programs) mchao@ust.hk

CV


Academic Qualifications
Ph.D. Universti of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Social Psychology
M.A. Univreisty of Illinois, Urbana-Campagin, Social Psychology
B.A. University of California, Berkeley, Psychology

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ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCEThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Department of Management, Associate Professor, since July 2015; Assistant Professor, July 2009 - June 2015.
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, School of Business and Management, Associate Director (Undergraduate Programs), since July 2018.

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PUBLICATIONS Refereed Journal Publications (Chronological, alphabetical)Magni, F., Gong, Y., & Chao, M. M. In press. A longditudinal examination of the reciprocal relationship between goal orientation and performance: The mediating role of self-efficacy. Personality and Individual Differences.
Brienza, J., Kung, F., & Chao, M. M. In press. Wise reasoning, intergroup positivity, and attitude polarization across contexts. Nature Communications.
Lian, H., Huai, M., Farh, J. L., Huang, J. C., Lee, C., & Chao, M. M. (2020). Leader unethical pro-organizational behavior and employee unethical conduct: Social learning of moral disengagement as a behavioral principle. Journal of Management, 969. https://doi.org/10.1177/9699
Van Assche, J., Moor, M., Dierckx, K., Saleem, M., Bouchat, P., De Guissme, L., Bostyn, D., Carew, M., Ernst-Vintila, A., & Chao, M. M. 2020. Can psychological interventions improve intergroup attitudes post terror attacks? Social Psychological and Personality Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/194855
Fong, L. H. N., He, H., Chao, M. M., Leandro, G., & King, D. 2019. Cultural essentialism and tailored hotel service. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-11-2018-0910
He, H., Chao, M. M., & Zhu, W. 2019. Cause-related marketing and employee engagement: The roles of follower implicit morality beliefs, moral identity, and admiration. Journal of Business Research, 95, 83-92.
Kung, F. Y. H., & Chao, M. M. 2019. The impact of mixed emotions on creativity in negotiation: An interpersonal perspective. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02660
Yao, J. D., & Chao, M. M. 2019. When forgiveness signals power: Effects of forgiveness expression and forgiver gender. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 45, 310-324. https://doi.org/10.1177/4904
Yao, J. D., Chao, M. M., & Leung, A.K. 2019. When essentialism facilitates intergroup conflict resolution: The positive role of perspective-taking. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/5058
Kung, F. Y. H., Chao, M. M., Yao, D. J., Adair, W.L., Fu, J. H., & Tasa, K. 2018. Bridging racial divides: Social constructionist (vs. essentialist) beliefs facilitate trust in intergroup contexts. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 74: 121-134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2017.09.008
Media Coverage:
BBC. The ‘hidden’ talent that determines success: In our era of globalisation, your job performance may depend on your “CQ”. So what is it? (October 13, 2017).

Chao, M. M.#, Visaria, S.#, Mukhopadhyay, A., & Dehejia, R. 2017. Do rewards reinforce the growth mindset?: Joint effects of the growth mindset and incentive schemes in a field intervention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 146: 1402-1419. (# Equal contribution)
Media Coverage:
Psychology Today. The growth mindset works, but not for everyone (October 27, 2017).

Zhang, Z., Wei, X., Chao, M.M., & Zheng, Y. 2017. When do conflicts feel right for prevention-focused individuals? The debiasing effect of low need for closure. Management and Organization Review. doi: 10.1017/mor.2017.7
Chao, M. M., Takeuchi, R., & Farh, J. L. 2017. Enhancing cultural intelligence: The roles of implicit culture beliefs and adjustment.Personnel Psychology 70: 257-292.
Media Coverage:
BBC. The ‘hidden’ talent that determines success: In our era of globalisation, your job performance may depend on your “CQ”. So what is it? (October 13, 2017).

Visaria, S., Dehejia, R., Chao, M.M., & Mukhopadhyay, A. 2016. Unintended negative consequences of rewards for student effort: Results from a field experiment in Indian classrooms. Economics of Education Review, 54: 173-184.
Chao, M.M., Kung, F.Y.H., & Yao, D. 2015. Cultures synergize, cultures collide: The paradoxical effects of multicultural exposure.International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 47: 78-88.
Feldman, G., Chao, M.M., Farh, J., & Bardi, A. 2015. The motivation and inhibition of breaking the rules: Personal values structures predict unethicality. Journal of Research in Personality, 59: 69-80.
Zhu, W., He, H., Trevino, L., Chao, M.M., Wang, W., & Liu, S. 2015. Ethical leadership and follower voice and performance: The role of follower identifications and entity Morality Beliefs.Leadership Quarterly. DOI: doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.01.004
Chao, M.M., & Kung, F.Y.H. 2015. An essentialism perspective of intercultural processes.Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 18: 91-100.
Chao, M. M., & Wong, J.K.W. 2014. Culture and everyday sense-making.Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 13, 44-52.
Chao, M.M., Hong, Y., & Chiu, C. 2013. Essentializing race: Its implication on racial categorization.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104: 619-634.
Chao, M. M., Chiu, C., Chan, W., Mendoza-Denton, R., & Kwok, C. 2013. The model minority as a shared reality and its implication for interracial perceptions. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 4: 84-92.
Tadmor, C., Chao, M., Hong, Y., Polzer, J.T. 2013. Not just for stereotyping anymore: Racial essentialism reduces domain-general creativity.Psychological Science, 24: 99-105.
Press release and Media coverage of this article

Tam, K., Lee, S., & Chao, M.M. 2013. Saving Mr. Nature: Anthropomorphism enhances connectedness to and protectiveness toward nature.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49: 514-521.
Chao, M. M., Chiu, C., Chan, W., Mendoza-Denton, R., & Kwok, C. 2012. The implications of exposure to the "model minority" ideal to self and racial perceptions.Asian American Journal of Psychology. doi: 10.1037/a0028769.
Hong, Y., & Chao, M. M. 2012. Steps to building a good theory.Acta Psychologica Sinica, 44: 138-141.
Tadmor, C., Hong, Y., Chao, M.M., Wiruchnipawan, F. & Wang, W. 2012. Multicultural experiences reduce intergroup bias through epistemic unfreezing.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103: 750-772.
Tam, K., Lee, S., Kim, Y., Li, Y., & Chao, M.M. 2012. Intersubjective model of value transmission: Parents using perceived norms as reference when socializing children.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1041-1052.
Kashima, Y., Shi, J., Tsuchiya, K., Kashima, E.S., Cheng, S.Y.Y., Chao, M.M., & Shin, S. 2011. Globalization and folk theory of social change: How globalization relates to societal perceptions about the past and future.Journal of Social Issues, 67: 696-715.
Cheng, S. Y., Rosner, J. L., Chao, M.M., Peng, S., Chen, X., Li, Y., Kwong, J.Y., Hong, Y., & Chiu, C. 2011. One world, one dream? Intergroup consequences of the 2008 Beijing Olympics.International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35: 296-306.
Chao, M., Okazaki, S., & Hong, Y. 2011. The quest for multicultural competence: Challenges and lessons learned from clinical and organizational research.Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5: 263-274.
Cheng, Y-y., Chao, M. M., Kwong, J., Peng, S., Chen, X., Kashima, Y., & Chiu, C-y. 2010. The good old days and a better tomorrow: Historical representations and future imaginations of China during the 2008 Olympic Games.Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 13: 118-127.
Rosner, J. L., Li, Y., Chao, M. M., & Hong, Y. 2010. One world, just a dream? Effects of the Beijing Olympic icon on perceived differences between Eastern and Western culture.Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 13: 139-151.
Chao, M. M., Chiu, C., & Lee, J.S. 2010. Asians as the model minority: Implications for U.S. government's policies.Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 13: 44-52.
Chao, M.M., Zhang, Z-X., & Chiu, C. 2010. Adherence to perceived norms across cultural boundaries: The role of need for cognitive closure and ingroup identification.Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 13: 69-89.
Hong, Y., Chao, M. M., Yang, Y., & Rosner, J.R. 2010. A socially grounded approach to test theories in psychology: Experiences from conducting social identity research.Acta Psychologica Sinica, 42: 1-15.
Book ChaptersChao, M.M., & Kesebir, P. 2013. Meaning in Life: A cultural perspective. In C. Routledge & J. Hicks (Eds.),The Experience of Meaning in Life: Perspectives Emerging Themes, and Controversies: 317-332. New York: Springer Press.
Chao, M.M., & Chiu, C. 2011. Culture as norm representations: The case of collective responsibility attribution. In A. K-y. Leung, C. Chiu, & Y. Hong (Eds.),Cultural processes: A social psychological perspective: 65-80. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Chao, M.M., & Chiu, C. 2011. Epistemic functions of culture. In A. K-y. Leung, C-y. Chiu, & Y. Hong (Eds.),Cultural processes: A social psychological perspective: 81-95. New York: Cambridge University Press.
No, S., Wan, C., Chao, M.M., Rosner, J., & Hong, Y. 2011. Bicultural identity negotiation. In A. K-y. Leung, C. Chiu, & Y. Hong (Eds.),Cultural processes: A social psychological perspective: 213-241. New York: Cambridge University Press.
More Publications

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SELECTED RECENT CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONSChau, M., Chao, M. M., & Liu, W. 2021 (to be presented). Detecting emotional distress from text. Emergent Research Forum presentation at the Annual Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS), Online.
Magni, F., Park, J., & Chao, M. M. 2021 (to be presented). The bias in creativity evaluation of artificial intelligence. Paper presentation at the Virtual 81st Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Online.
Tadmor, C., Chao, M. M., & Hong, Y. 2021 (to be presented). The effects of multicultural experience on social tolerance during times of crisis. Symposium presentation at the Virtual 81st Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Online.
Brienza, J., Kung, F., & Chao, M. M. 2021 (to be presented). Wise reasoning in polarized societal conflicts. Symposium presentation at the 14th Biannual Conference of the Asian Association of Social Psychology, Seoul, Korea.
Chao, M. M., Luk, C. T., Fu, H., & Hui, P. 2021 (to be presented). Cross-country scale invariance of Hostede’s values, implicit culture belief, and need for closure. Paper presentation at the 25th International Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, Online.
Fu, H., Chao, M. M., & Hui, P. 2021 (to be presented). Forestalling the inevitable? Belief in conflict inevitability and dispute resolution system adoption. Paper presentation at the 32rd International Congress of Psychology, Prague, Czech Republic.
Chao, M. M. 2021. Experimental research in IM. Panel Presentation at the Academy of International Business Conference, Online.
Fu, H., Chao, M. M., & Hui, P. 2020. Implicit belief of conflict and adoption of dispute resolution system. Paper presentation at 2020 Academy of International Business Southeast Asian Regional Conference. Online.
Magni, F., Chao, M. M., & Park, J. 2020. Creativity evaluation of artificial intelligence products. Paper presentation at the 36th European Group for Organizational Studies (EGOS) Colloquium, Hamburg, Germany.
Nanakdewa, K., Chao, M. M., & Savani, K. 2019. Seeing colorblindness clearly: Aligning the measurement of diversity ideologies with theory. Symposium presentation at the 79th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Boston, MA.
Lam, E.Q.Y., & Chao, M. M. 2019, August. Cultural blunders or opportunities? The effect of a growth mindset intervention on cultural intelligence. Symposium presentation at the 79th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Boston, MA.
Brienza, J., Kung, F.Y.H., & Chao, M. M. 2019. Wise reasoning moderates reactions toward the outgroup after exposure to media reports of intergroup conflict. Symposium presentation at the 2019 International Association for Conflict Management Conference, Dublin, Ireland.
Cho, J., Zhang, R., Chao, M. M., & Morris, M. 2019. Liberals and conservatives in the United States differently judge cultural appropriation. Paper presentation at the 2019 Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Society of Political Psychology, Lisbon, Portugal.
Lee, S.S., Chao, M. M., & He, H. 2019. Gender inequality = Women issue?: Understanding inequality from a social consensus perspective. Paper presentation at the 2019 Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Society of Political Psychology, Lisbon, Portugal.
Nanakdewa, K., Chao, M. M., & Savani, K. 2019. Seeing colorblindness clearly: Aligning the measurement of diversity ideologies with theory. Paper presentation at the 2019 Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Society of Political Psychology, Lisbon, Portugal.
Kung, F. Y. H., Chao, M. M., Adair, W. L., Fu, J., & Tasa, K. 2019. The role of malleable culture beliefs in improving intercultural negotiation outcomes. Symposium presentation at the 34th Annual Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference, Washington, D.C.
Lee, S.S., Chao, M. M., & He, H. (2019, February). Gender inequality = Her issue?: Understanding inequality from a social consensus perspective. Data blitz presentation at the Gender Preconference for the 2019 Society for Personality and Social Psychology Convention, Portland, OR.
Choi, Y., Park, J., Chao, M. M., Beejinkhuu, U., & Sohn, Y.W. 2018. Work orientations, cultures, and life satisfaction in mongolia: The Mediating Role of Leader-Member Exchange. Paper presentation at the 2018 International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Congress, Guelph, Canada.
*Park, J., Choi, Y., Chao, M. M., Beejinkhuu, U., & Sohn, Y.W. 2018. Jobs, careers, and callings: Do the work orientations apply to Mongolia?. The RISE Research Award symposium presentation at the 30th Annual Convention of the Association for Psychological Science, San Francisco, CA.
*RISE Research Award, Association for Psychological Science

Lee, S.S., & Chao, M. M. 2018. Effect of inequality frames on gender pay gap. Paper presentation at the 2018 Annual Asian Management Research Consortium, Seoul, Korea.
Chao, M. M., Visaria, S., Mukhopadhyay, A., & Dehejia, R. (2018, February). Do rewards reinforce the growth mindset?: Joint effects of the growth mindset and incentive schemes in a field intervention. Symposium presentation at the 2018 Annual Winter Conference of the Society of Consumer Psychology, Dallas, TX.
Chao, M.M. 2017. Translating research into practice: The role of our social and ideological assumptions. Biannual Conference of Asian Association of Social Psychology, Auckland, New Zealand.(Invited presentation)
Chao, M.M., Kung, F.Y.H., & Brienza, J. 2017. Managing diversity from a wise-reasoning perspective. Symposium presentation at the 2017 Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Atlanta, GA.
Chao, M.M., Brienza, J.P., & Kung, F.Y.H. 2016. When multiculturalism backfires: From cultural ideologies to organizational outcomes. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology 23rd International Congress, Nagoya, Japan. (Invited presentation)
Kung, F.Y.H., Brienza, J., & Chao, M.M. 2016. Diversity policies reconsidered: The effects of implicit beliefs on multicultural and colorblind practices. Symposium presentation at the 2016 Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Anaheim, CA.
Lian, H., Huai, M., Farh, J., Huang, J., & Chao, M.M. 2016. Leader UPB and employee unethical conduct: A moral disengagement perspective. Paper presentation at the 2016 Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Anaheim, CA.
Best Paper Proceedings of the 2016 Academy of Management Meeting

Yao, D., & Chao, M.M. 2016. When forgiveness backfires: The joint effect of forgiveness expressions and victim gender. Paper presentation at the 2016 Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Anaheim, CA.
Best Paper Proceedings of the 2016 Academy of Management Meeting

Kung, F. Y. H., Chao, M. M., & Adair, W. L. 2016. To boost intercultural trust and negotiation gains, change negotiators’ beliefs of cultural malleability. Symposium presentation at the 29th Annual Conference of the International Association for Conflict Management, New York, NY.
Brienza, J., Kung, F.Y.H., & Chao, M.M. 2016. Loving your “enemies”: Wise reasoning and reduced outgroup hate. Symposium presentation at the Association for Psychological Science 28th Annual Convention, Chicago, IL.
Takeuchi, R., Chao, M.M., & Yu, N.Y. 2015.The roles of general and culture specific performance avoidance goal orientations on sojourner creativity: A four-wave, time-lagged investigation. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Vancouver, BC.
Yao, D., Chao, M.M., Chattopadhyay, R., & George, E. 2015.How does dissimilarity make a difference? A multiple processes model of relational demography. To be presented at the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Vancouver, BC.
Yao, D., Chao, M.M., & Leung, A.K. 2015.Managing conflicts in a multicultural environment: The role of perspective taking and implicit culture beliefs. Symposium presentation at the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Vancouver, BC.
Kung, F.Y.H., Chao, M.M., Yao, D., & Fu, J. F. 2015.The implications of cultural essentialism on interpersonal conflicts in intra- vs. intercultural contexts. Symposium presentation at the 16th Annual Meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Long Beach, CA.

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REVIEW ACTIVITIESAssociate Editor
Journal of Business Research (2020 - present)
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology (2020 - present)

Member of Editorial Board:
Asian Journal of Social Psychology (2014 - present)
Management and Organization Review (2013 - present)
Frontiers in Psychology (February 2016 - present)
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (2019 - present)
Personnel Psychology (2019 - present)

Ad Hoc Reviewer (selected)
Academy of Management Journal
Applied Psychology: An International Review
Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology
Developmental Psychology
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
Journal of Personality
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
PlosOne
Psychology Bulletin
Social Psychological and Personality Science
Grant review
National Science Foundation, USA
University of Macau Multi-Year Research Grant, Macau

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RESEARCH INTERESTS Globalization; Multicultural psychology
Organizational behavior; Normative judgments
Group processes and intergroup relations

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FUNDED PROJECTS Researh GrantsUnderstanding Dispute Resolution Practices in Emerging Economies (2018-2020). Funded by Institute of Emerging Market Studies, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Role: Principal Investigator (HK$300,000).
A wise reasoning perspective to intergroup relations (2017-2020). Funded by Research Grants Council General Research Fund, Hong Kong SAR Government. Role: Principal Investigator (HK$773,500).
Negotiating Across Cultural Boundaries: The Roles of Essentialist Beliefs and Social Identity (2014-2017). Funded by Research Grants Council General Research Fund, Hong Kong SAR Government. Role: Principal Investigator (HK$497,000).
Cultural distance: Its implications to cognitive processes and sojourner adjustment outcomes Principal (2010-2012), funded by Research Grants Council Direct Allocation Grant, Hong Kong SAR Government. Role: Principal Investigator (HK$187,000).
Sojourner adjustment: A lay theory perspective (2011-2013). Funded by RGC General Research Fund. Role: Principal investigator (HK$269,129).
Teaching GrantsEthics education among HKUST Business School Undergraduate (2013-2015). Funded by Center for Enhanced Learning and Teaching (CELT), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Role: Project leader (HK$200,000).
Intercultural skills development among HKUST Business School Undergraduate: A longitudinal investigation (2010-2012). Funded by Innovative assessment of learning outcomes (IALO) 2009-2010, VPAAO, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Role: Project leader (HK$475,876).

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HONORS AND AWARDS2020. Association for Psychological Science (APS) Fellow
2014. The Seisoh Sukemune/Bruce Bain Encouragement of Early Career Research Award by International Council of Psychologists.
2013. The Michael Harris Bond Award for Early Research Contributions by Asian Association of Social Psychology.
2013. Early Career Award by International Academy of Intercultural Research.