摘要:为了给茶叶保险提供精细化气象指数类产品, 利用福建省历年气象资料、产量资料和灾情资料, 构建茶叶寒冻害保险时段和触发气象指标, 利用数理统计方法计算茶叶不同等级寒冻害产量减产率和出现概率, 进而得出保险纯费率, 基于GIS进行茶叶寒冻害风险评估, 厘定出不同风险区不同触发条件下的区域保险费率; 考虑茶叶寒冻害强度、危害时段和保险历年平均赔付情况, 制定出不同寒冻害等级、不同时段的赔付比例和保险赔偿金, 并验证寒冻害理赔的合理性, 设计出茶叶寒冻害气象指数保险产品。结果表明: 以极端最低气温4 ℃作为茶叶寒冻害指数保险起始触发指标, 并按照间隔1 ℃划分7个理赔等级; 将茶叶寒冻害保险时段(3月1日—5月10日)划分为12个赔付时段。在极端低温4 ℃触发条件下, 北部地区海拔高度<200 m、200~600 m、600~900 m和>900 m的区域平均保险费率分别为1.1%、3.6%、6.1%和8.4%, 南部地区海拔高度<300 m、300~700 m、700~1100 m和>1100 m的区域平均保险费率分别为0.5%、2.0%、3.9%和5.5%; 西北部、东北部、西南部和东南部4个区域的春茶寒冻害平均赔付率分别为78.4%、90.5%、72.7%和36.6%, 全省平均赔付率为69.5%, 基差比均值为?1.65%, 达到保险公司对赔付率和基差比的基本要求。设计的产品可应用于福建春茶寒冻害气象指数保险, 可为茶农转移、分散寒冻害风险提供保险技术支撑。
关键词:茶叶保险/
寒冻害/
气象指数/
理赔产品
Abstract:To provide meteorological index products for tea insurance, the tea cold and frost damage insurance period and trigger meteorological indicators were analyzed to calculate the yield reduction rate, occurrence probability of cold-forest damage, and pure premium rate based on the meteorological data, and tea yield and disaster data of Fujian Province. Then, based on the risk assessment of cold-frost damage in tea plants, the regional premium rates under different trigger conditions and in different risk areas were improved. The insurance compensation ratio and compensation under different levels of cold-frost damage and in different periods were formulated and verified based on the intensity of cold-frost damage, the period of damage, and the average insurance compensation situation. Finally, a weather index insurance product for cold and frost damage to tea was provided. Results showed that the extreme minimum temperature of 4 °C, used as the initial trigger index of the tea cold-frost damage index insurance, as well as and seven grades with 1 °C interval, can fully reflect the historical disaster situation. Under the extremely low temperature of 4 °C, the average insurance premium rates in areas with altitudes below 200 m, 200?600 m, 600?900 m, and above 900 m in the northern region were 1.1%, 3.6%, 6.1%, and 8.4%, respectively; the average insurance premium rates in areas with altitudes below 300 m, 300?700 m, 700?1100 m, and above 1100 m in the southern region were 0.5%, 2.0%, 3.9%, and 5.5%, respectively. The average compensation rate of spring tea cold-forest damage in the northwest, northeast, southwest, and southeast regions was 78.4%, 90.5%, 72.7%, and 36.6%, respectively; the province’s average compensation rate was 69.5%, and the average basis ratio was ?1.65%. The compensation rate and basis ratio met the basic requirements of insurance companies for the compensation ratio and basis ratio. The designed product can be applied to the weather index insurance of cold and frost damage of Fujian spring tea; therefore, this study could provide technical support for tea farmers to transfer and disperse the cold and frost damage risks.
Key words:Tea insurance/
Cold-frost damage/
Meteorological index/
Claims product
PDF全文下载地址:
http://www.ecoagri.ac.cn/article/exportPdf?id=9f475e9e-6aa0-4a12-811e-86d346f837e9
