摘要:农户作为农业文化遗产保护的主体和直接参与者，对遗产保护的认知影响着参与保护的积极性，进而影响遗产系统的可持续性，是保护与发展措施实施的信息反馈，也是政策制定和改进的出发点和落脚点。本文以中国重要农业文化遗产——福建安溪铁观音茶文化系统为例，在计划行为理论的框架下，采用结构方程模型实证分析了农户认知对其参与农业文化遗产保护行为的影响。结果表明：1）农户遗产保护认知的行为态度对其参与遗产保护意愿的正向影响不显著，但农户遗产保护认知的主观规范、控制认知对其参与遗产保护意愿的正向影响显著，从而通过参与遗产保护意愿的中介作用对参与遗产保护行为产生间接的正向影响，间接影响效应分别为0.292、0.442。2）参与遗产保护的能力和遗产保护的制度环境是影响农户是否愿意参与遗产保护的关键因素。3）农户遗产保护认知的3个维度即行为态度、主观规范和控制认知两两存在显著地相互正向影响，其中行为态度与控制认知的相互影响最大，影响系数达到0.652。基于此研究结果，提出关于加大宣传力度、完善保护制度、落实激励政策等方面的政策建议，以此深入推动农业文化遗产的保护与发展。
关键词:农业文化遗产保护/
中国重要农业文化遗产/
农户认知/
计划行为理论/
结构方程模型/
安溪铁观音茶文化系统
Abstract:Farmers are the main actor and direct participant in the conservation of agricultural heritage systems (AHS), so their cognition towards AHS conservation can impact their participation in AHS conservation, as well as the sustainability of the AHS. Farmers' cognition of AHS conservation reflects the current measures of AHS conservation and is important for policy makers to establish improved policies. However, at present, farmers' inadequate participation in AHS conservation due to limited cognition has become a common problem in most AHS sites. According to the available literatures and on-site investigations, local conservation of Anxi Tieguanyin Tea Culture System (ATCS) in Fujian Province, one of the China National Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS), has faced similar problems. This study used structural equation modeling (SEM) to estimate the impact of farmers' cognition on their participation behavior in the conservation of ATCS in Fujian Province under the framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). We divided the farmers' cognition toward ATCS conservation into three dimensions: their attitude toward the behavior (ATT), the subjective norm (SN), and the perceived behavioral control (PBC). In total, 209 households engaging in tea planting in Anxi County were interviewed and included in the analysis. Our results showed that ATT positively influenced the willingness to participate in ATCS conservation, but it was not significant (P=0.396). This was in agreement with the results of other prior studies. However, the SN and PBC had significant positive impacts on farmers' willingness to participate in ATCS conservation (P < 0.1%) and indirectly and positively impacted farmers' behavior to participate in ATCS conservation via the intermediary role of their willingness to participate in ATCS conservation. The indirect effects of SN and PBC on farmers' behavior to participate in ATCS conservation were 0.292 and 0.442, respectively. The ability to participate in ATCS conservation and the institutional environment of ATCS conservation were critical factors for farmers' willingness to participate. The ability to participate in ATCS conservation primarily comprised the mastery of professional knowledge and basic technology and the affordability of the time costs of participating. The institutional environment of ATCS conservation mainly involved the initiative of the village committee and the county government in carrying out ATCS conservation. The ATT, SN, and PBC had a significant positive mutual influence. ATT and PBC had the largest mutual effect (0.652). These results inform policy recommendations to further promote the conservation and development of AHS. The publicity of AHS conservation should be strengthened to enhance the level of farmers' cognition of AHS conservation. Various levels of government should establish AHS conservation system to construct a good institutional environment to increase the initiative of carrying out AHS conservation. It is also necessary to improve and implement incentive policies to enhance farmers' abilities of participating in AHS conservation.
Key words:Agricultural heritage systems conservation/
China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems/
Farmers' cognition/
Theory of Planned Behavior/
Structural Equation Modeling/
Anxi Tieguanyin Tea Culture System
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