摘要:江西红壤旱地光热水资源充沛，为农业发展提供了优越的自然条件。为筛选江西红壤旱地间作优势明显、群体产量与经济效益较优的玉米||大豆的种植模式，于2018-2019年设置7个处理：玉米||大豆间作带宽2 m、行比2：2，带宽2.4 m、行比2：3，带宽2.4 m、行比2：4，带宽2.8 m、行比2：3，带宽2.8 m、行比2：4，及玉米单作和大豆单作，分析了两年间不同玉米||大豆间作模式下带宽行比变化对作物产量及种间关系的影响。结果表明：1）玉米大豆单作产量显著高于各自间作产量；间作处理中，带宽2.4 m、行比2：4模式下作物群体平均产量为6801.88 kg·hm-2，较带宽2.4 m、行比2：3模式增产7.56%，说明适宜带宽模式下增植1行大豆有利于作物增产；带宽2.4 m、行比2：4模式两年平均经济效益为15 822.96元·hm-2，较玉米、大豆单作平均经济效益增加9.90%、209.48%，说明间作种植模式相比于单作有利于提高农民经济效益。2）2019年试验中，带宽2.4 m、行比2：4模式下土地当量比（LER）最高，为1.77，与其他间作处理呈显著性差异，该模式下两年平均LER为1.59，相较于带宽2.0 m、行比2：2（1.55），带宽2.4 m、行比2：3（1.44），带宽2.8 m、行比2：3（1.35），带宽2.8 m、行比2：4（1.44）间作模式表现出较好的土地生产能力。3）带宽为2.4 m或2.8 m时，增植1行大豆，LER分别提高10.42%、7.41%，玉米实际产量损失指数（AYLM）分别提高77.01%、59.02%，玉米侵占力（AM）分别提高91.89%、82.22%，玉米竞争比率（CRM）分别提高38.69%、24.11%，经济效益（EB）分别提高8.38%、4.80%，玉米收获指数（HI）分别提高6.12%、6.25%，说明适宜带宽模式下增加大豆行可以提高间作玉米的竞争优势，以此来提高作物产量与经济效益。行比为2：3或2：4时，带宽由2.4 m增至2.8 m，LER分别减小6.67%、9.66%，AYLM分别减小42.62%、59.79%，AM分别减小64.44%、73.17%，CRM分别减小19.15%、33.14%，EB分别减小10.23%、13.99%，玉米（HI）分别减小2.08%、0.51%，说明不同行比配置模式下增加带宽均会削弱间作玉米的竞争优势，使得群体产量和经济效益降低。综上，带宽2.4 m、行比2：4种植模式能较好地协调作物种间关系，土地产出率较高，经济效益较优，可作为江西红壤旱地适宜的玉米||大豆间作模式。
关键词:红壤旱地/
间作/
玉米/
大豆/
种间关系/
群体产量
Abstract:The upland red soil in Jiangxi Province is rich in light, heat, and water resources and provides superior natural conditions for agricultural development. To screen the maize-soybean intercropping system with obvious advantages, better group yield, and economic benefits in the upland red soil of Jiangxi Province, seven treatments were set up in 2018 and 2019, of which five were maize-soybean intercropping systems with 1) 2 m bandwidth and 2-2 rows ratio, 2) 2.4 m bandwidth and 2-3 rows ratio, 2.4 m bandwidth and 2-4 rows ratio, 2.8 m bandwidth and 2-3 rows ratio, and 2.8 m bandwidth and 2-4 rows ratio; other two were sole maize and sole soybean. The effects of different intercropping patterns of maize and soybean were analyzed for crop yield and the interspecific relationships. The results showed that 1) the yield of sole maize and soybean was significantly higher than that of the intercropped ones. In the 2-year experiment, the average yield was 6801.88 kg·hm-2 under the intercropping treatment of 2.4 m bandwidth and 2-4 rows ratio, which was 7.56% higher than that under the intercropping treatment of 2.4 m bandwidth and 2-3 rows ratio, indicating that increasing one row soybean of the intercropping system with suitable bandwidth benefited yield increase. The average economic benefit of intercropping system with a 2.4 m bandwidth and 2-4 rows ratio was 15 822.96 ￥·hm-2 for the 2 years, 9.90% and 209.48% higher than that of sole maize and sole soybean, respectively. This indicated that intercropping improved the farmers' economic benefit. 2) In 2019, the land equivalent ratio (LER) of the intercropping treatment with 2.4 m bandwidth and 2-4 rows ratio was 1.77, significantly higher than the other intercropping treatments. The 2-year average LER in this intercropping system was 1.59, compared with 1.55 for the 2.0 m bandwidth and 2-2 rows ratio, 1.44 for the 2.4 m bandwidth and 2-3 rows ratio, 1.35 for the 2.8 m bandwidth and 2-3 rows ratio, and 1.44 for the 2.8 m bandwidth and 2-4 row ratio, which showed better land productivity. 3) When the bandwidth was 2.4 m or 2.8 m, adding one more row of soybean increased the LER by 10.42% and 7.41%, the maize actual yield loss (AYLM) by 77.01% and 59.02%, the maize invasion (AM) by 91.89% and 82.22%, the maize competition ratio (CRM) by 38.69% and 24.11%, the economic benefit (EB) by 8.38% and 4.80%, and the maize harvest index (HI) by 6.12% and 6.25%, respectively. These results showed that increasing the row ratio of soybean could enhance the competitive advantage of intercropped maize with a suitable bandwidth, which improved crop yield and economic benefits. When the bandwidth increased from 2.4 m to 2.8 m with the rows ratios of 2-3 and 2-4, LER decreased by 6.67% and 9.66%, AYLM decreased by 42.62% and 59.79%, AM decreased by 64.44% and 73.17%, CRM decreased by 19.15% and 33.14%, EB decreased by 10.23% and 13.99%, and HI decreased by 2.08% and 0.51%, respectively. These results showed that increased bandwidth weakens the competitive advantage of intercropped maize with different rows ratios and reduced the group yield and economic benefit. In conclusion, the maize-soybean intercropping system of 2.4 m bandwidth with a 2-4 rows ratio better coordinated the crop interspecific relationships and resulted in higher crop yield and better economic benefits. This study provides a reference for the maize-soybean intercropping system in the upland red soil of Jiangxi Province.
Key words:Upland red soil/
Intercropping/
Maize/
Soybean/
Interspecific relationship/
Group yield
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