摘要:永久基本农田储备区划定是巩固永久基本农田划定成果、确保国家粮食安全的重大举措，合理规划储备区范围及划定时序可以保障永久基本农田在被占用后能够快速得到补划。本文以河北省黄骅市为研究区，从耕地的地力质量、空间质量、工程质量和生态环境质量4个方面选取评价指标，运用逼近理想解排序法和热点分析法进行耕地质量综合评价及空间集聚性分析，综合二者结果采用矩阵组合法确定永久基本农田储备区的分级划定。结果表明：1）黄骅市非永久基本农田的耕地地力质量、空间质量、工程质量和生态环境质量差异显著，整体土地质量较好；部分地区受土壤盐渍化影响较大，工程质量较差；灌溉保证率低下是限制耕地工程质量的主要因素；综合质量以高值区和较高值区为主，分别占非永久基本农田耕地图斑面积和数量的44.22%和31.08%；空间分布上表现为西部永久基本农田周边的耕地综合质量较高，东部距海岸较近处耕地质量较低。2）研究将黄骅市永久基本农田储备区划分为优先划入区、适宜划入区和整治调控区3类。优先划入区的耕地综合质量高、集聚特征明显，面积占比为30.75%；适宜划入区的耕地综合质量或空间聚集性较差，需投入一定的人力物力进行质量建设；整治调控区面积最大，占比为41.19%，其整治和改良应致力于提升农业生态的长期安全。研究在考虑基本农田储备区划定的质量目标和生态环境目标的基础上增加空间利用规模的限制，可为黄骅市及同处于环渤海带的滨海平原区高质量完成永久基本农田储备区划定工作提供参考。
关键词:永久基本农田储备区/
耕地质量/
空间集聚格局/
TOPSIS模型/
矩阵组合法/
划定时序
Abstract:The delineation of permanent basic farmland reserve areas is an important measure for consolidating permanent basic farmland demarcation and ensuring national food security. Reasonable planning of the reserve area and the delineated sequence can ensure that the permanent basic farmland is quickly replenished after being occupied. This study incorporated the land, space, engineering, and ecological environment qualities of cultivated land to evaluate the quality and spatial agglomeration of cultivated land in Huanghua City, Hebei Province, via the ranking method of the approximate ideal solution and the hot spot analysis method. The matrix method was then used to demarcate the permanent basic farmland reserve area. The results show that: 1) there are obvious differences in the quality of non-permanent basic farmland, and the overall soil fertility condition is good in the study area. The degree of salinization is higher in some areas, and the quality of agricultural engineering is poor. The irrigation guarantee rate is low. In the whole, the comprehensive quality is mainly high-or sub-high-value areas. The proportion of cultivated land area in the high-value and sub-high-value areas is larger, accounting for 44.22% of the non-permanent basic farmland. The comprehensive quality of cultivated land in the west is higher than that in the east, closer to the coast. 2) The permanent basic farmland reserve area is divided into three categories: priority area, suitable area, and regulation area. The comprehensive quality of cultivated land in the priority zone is high, with obvious agglomeration characteristics, accounting for 30.75% of the total area. Suitable areas have poor comprehensive quality or spatial aggregation, and it is necessary to invest manpower and material resources for quality construction. The regulation zone area is the largest, accounting for 41.19%, which should be committed to improving the long-term safety of agricultural ecology. Considering the delineated quality and ecological environment goals, this study has increased the scale limitation of space utilization that can effectively improve the efficiency of rapid supplementary planning for basic farmlands.
Key words:Permanent basic farmland reserve area/
Cultivated land quality/
Spatial agglomeration pattern/
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)/
Matrix grouping method/
Time sequence
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